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971.
陕西省干旱灾害的农业风险评估 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
分析了陕西干旱发生的时空规律,以缺水率划分干旱标准,评价陕西各季农业干旱状况,并对1949~1990年共42a粮食产量序列进行滑动平均模拟,以粮食减产百分率评估全省干旱灾害等级,得出干旱损失评估模式,使陕西干旱灾害的评估由定性到定量,为其它灾害的定量评估提供了经验。 相似文献
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973.
Long-term temporal-spatial dynamics of marine coastal water quality in the Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
IntroductionToloHarborislocatedinthenortheasternpartofHongKong .Itisanearlyland lockedwaterbodywithonlyonenarrowexittotheopenseaatMirsBay(Fig .1) .Itslengthandsurfaceareaareapproximately 15kmand 5 2km2 ,respectively .Theaveragedepthvariesfromlessthan10min… 相似文献
974.
Remote sensing of the urban heat island and its changes in Xiamen City of SE China 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM^ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over l l-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen‘s urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu lsland. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future. 相似文献
975.
重庆主城区大气总悬浮颗粒中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在四个季节采样分析的基础上,本文报道了重庆市主城区江北区(商住区)和缙云山(清洁对照点)两个监测点总悬浮颗粒物质量浓度的空间分布和季节变化特征,同时利用热分解示差热导法元素分析仪测定了TSP中的OC和EC浓度,探讨了OC和EC含量并与北京相应功能区的TSP质量浓度及其OC和EC浓度进行了比较。结果表明:重庆市商住区和对照点TSP年均质量浓度均小于北京市商住区和对照点;重庆市商住区OC和EC年均质量浓度高于北京市商住区,北京市对照点OC和EC年均质量浓度高于重庆市对照点。两个城市的四个监测点OC/EC年均值均大于2.0,说明两城市城区二次污染比较严重。 相似文献
976.
The relationship of the ozone generation and the heating power, corona wire surface temperature, discharge electrode and netting electrode was studied during the negative corona discharge. The experimental results showed that the ozone concentration reduced with applied voltage decrease. With heating power increase, the ozone concentration of unit current decreased at exponential rate and it almost change no longer over 0.40 W. Under given temperature, the lower the applied voltage was, the smaller the ozone concentration was; while under given applied voltages, only over 11 kV could decrease with the surface temperature increase. The ozone concentration decreased with the lengthening of corona wire, and could reduced to 10 ppb under experimental condition of 14.2 kV; it also decreased with the shortening of wire diarmeter,and could decrease 67% at best in the given condition. Moreover, it decreased with the increasing size of netting electrode mesh. At the anion current of 1.65 μA, the ozone concentration of 5.0 x 5.0 cm^2 is only 41% of that of 3.3 x 3.3 cm^2 . 相似文献
977.
复合光合细菌法处理化工高浓度有机废水研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过复合光合菌群对有机废水的降解试验,结果表明,复合菌群具有比单一光合细菌或普通活性污泥好的处理效果,降解效果高出18%-39%,在复合菌群中,光合细菌的优势度明显。 相似文献
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