Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater

In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8–12 mg/L, G value of 100–250 s ^? 1, and pH value of 4–8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90–150 mg/L with a pH of 2–12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90–150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8–12 mg/L, and pH range of 2–6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.     

Isolation and characterization of a strain with high microbial attachment in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granule is a special microbial aggregate associated with biofilm structure. The formation of aerobic granular sludge is primarily depending on its bacterial community and relevant microbiological properties. In this experiment, a strain with high microbial attachment was isolated from aerobic granular sludge, and the detailed characteristics were examined. Its high attachment ability could reach 2.34 (OD_600nm), while other low attachment values were only around 0.06-0.32, which indicated a big variation among the different bacteria. The strain exhibited a very special morphology with many fibric fingers under SEM observation. A distinctive behaviour was to form a spherical particle by themselves, which would be very beneficial for the formation and development of granular sludge. The EPS measurement showed that its PN content was higher than low attachment bacteria, and 3D-EEM confirmed that there were some different components. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, it was identified to mostly belong to Stenotrophomonas. Its augmentation to particle sludge cultivation demonstrated that the strain could significantly promote the formation of aerobic granule. Conclusively, it was strongly suggested that it might be used as a good and potential model strain or chassis organism for the aerobic granular sludge formation and development.     

铝穹顶储罐雷击损伤及燃爆风险研究

针对铝穹顶储罐雷击问题,开展了回击后长持续时间雷电流分量作用下的铝合金板烧蚀损伤试验研究,分析了铝穹顶储罐损伤及油气燃爆风险。结果表明:当直流分量为164 C时,2 mm铝板发生穿孔,铝穹顶储罐存在雷击燃爆风险;当直流分量≤157 C时,未穿孔,背面温度最高为480℃,存在燃爆风险,铝穹顶储罐存在雷击燃爆风险;当直流分量196 C时,4 mm铝板发生穿孔;当直流分量为196 C时,6 mm铝板未发生穿孔,背面温升为125℃,小于205℃,铝穹顶储罐不存在雷击燃爆风险。     

基于SOA和O3生成潜势的杭州市PM2.5和O3协同控制

2019年3月1日～2019年5月31日期间采用Syntech Spectras GC955在线气相色谱仪对杭州市大气环境中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行了在线连续监测,分析了VOCs体积分数的组成特征、 PM_2.5和O₃协同控制的优控VOCs物种和VOCs特征污染物比值.结果表明,烷烃是VOCs体积分数中最重要的组分,贡献了62.40%. C2～C6的烷烃、苯系物、乙烯和乙炔是VOCs关键物种.烯烃和芳香烃是OFP的主要贡献组分,贡献率分别为41.35%和37.50%.芳香烃是SOA的主要贡献者,贡献率超过90%.低碳的烷烃、低碳烯烃和苯系物是OFP的关键贡献物种,控制好甲苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯这3种苯系物,是O₃和PM_2.5协同控制的关键.采样点大气中VOCs除了受机动车尾气的影响外,溶剂使用等工业排放的影响也较为显著.     

不同粒径聚乙烯微粒对大型溞的生物毒性效应

微塑料污染已经受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注,但研究热点多集中于海洋微塑料及其生物学效应,对淡水生物潜在影响的研究还很有限。本文选择淡水模式动物大型溞（Daphnia magna）作为受试生物,以2 μm、20 μm和50 μm聚乙烯微粒（polyethylene,PE）作为研究对象,探讨不同尺度微塑料对大型溞的急性活动抑制效应。结果表明,3种粒径的微塑料均可被大型溞摄入,并在肠道中积累,造成大型溞的活动抑制,并可能影响其脂类代谢;水中高浓度的PE微粒可粘附在大型溞体表,限制其活动,影响其摄食。在5~80 mg/L浓度范围内,2 μm PE微粒对大型溞的抑制率呈现线性增长趋势（96 h的EC₅₀为50.86 mg/L）;而20 μm和50 μm的PE微粒的抑制率随暴露浓度的增加呈现倒"U"形曲线。暴露48 h后,3种PE微粒的LOEC值分别为60、20和5 mg/L,即随粒径增大,毒性效应增加。粒径大小是影响大型溞摄入和积累微塑料的重要因素之一。本文结果为深入理解微塑料对淡水浮游动物的毒性效应提供了基础数据和理论依据。     

Numerical Simulation of Light/Dark Cycle Frequency of Microalgae Fluid in a Helical Tubular Photobioreactor for Carbon Dioxide Capture

In the present study, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on hydrodynamics and light-intensity distribution of microalgae fluid flow in a helical tubular photobioreactor for CO₂ capture. The effect of incident direction of the light illumination is discussed and the light/dark cycle frequency experienced by the microalgae fluid in the cross-section of the photobioreactor is investigated. The simulation results reveal the steadily nonhorizontal and unsymmetrical Dean roll-cells of the microalgae fluid flow in the cross-section of the helical tube. The external light projecting onto the helical tubular photobioreactor from the center is a better way for microalgae cultivation. The light/dark cycle frequency of the microalgae fluid flow is calculated based on the light-intensity distribution inside the photobioreactor. The light/dark cycle frequency keeps constant for the same stream trace of the microalgae flow while varies with different flow regions. Meanwhile, the light/dark cycle frequency increases with the increase in microalgae fluid velocity. The suitable demarcation between the light and the dark zone depends on the shape and the location of the Dean roll-cells.     

美国环境信息化建设及其启示

我国环境信息化存在基础设施和系统建设分散,数据难以共享,信息资源开发利用程度低,公众服务能力弱等问题,难以满足新时期生态环境保护工作的要求.美国环保署在环境信息管理方面建立了一套完善的组织架构和管理体制,实现了环境数据的共享、开放和信息资源的综合开发与利用.本文介绍了美国环保局的首席信息官(CIO)制度,信息化基础设施统一建设和运维等信息化管理制度,以及设施登记系统,有毒物质排放清单,我身边的环境,环境数据仓库,环境数据传输与交换等信息系统,结合我国的环境信息化建设,提出了若干政策建议.     

利用IVE模型进行公交车尾气排放分析

介绍了IVE尾气排放模型并与MOBILE模型进行了比较分析。使用GPS对上海市公交车多条运行线路进行了实时运行速度测量,得到上海公交车运行模式的BIN分布,对上海市CNG公交车和柴油公交车的尾气排放进行了模拟计算。结果表明使用CNG公交车代替柴油公交车后,NOX和PM的排放均有显著的降低,但采用不同技术的CNG公交车尾气排放仍有很大的差异,无催化转化和尾气再循环的CNG公交车的CO排放量远高于同类型柴油公交车的排放量。认为IVE模型的模拟结果具有较好的可靠性,其计算模式适用于我国机动车尾气排放清单分析的研究。     

倡导清洁生产创建绿色作业

文章通过对创建绿色作业队的认识与实践,提出:创建绿色作业必须依靠科技转变方式;整体规划,典型带动;持续改进,重点落实。从而形成创建绿色作业的长效机制。     

Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS,PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten salt

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed. • Activated carbon was regenerated while mineralizing PFCs. • Molten NaOH has good mineralization effect on PFOS and PFBS. Current study proposes a green regeneration method of activated carbon (AC) laden with Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) from the perspective of environmental safety and resource regeneration. The defluorination efficiencies of AC adsorbed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) using three molten sodium salts and one molten alkali were compared. Results showed that defluorination efficiencies of molten NaOH for the three PFCs were higher than the other three molten sodium salts at lower temperature. At 700°C, the defluorination efficiencies of PFOS and PFBS using molten NaOH reached to 84.2% and 79.2%, respectively, while the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was 35.3%. In addition, the temperature of molten salt, the holding time and the ratio of salt to carbon were directly proportional to the defluorination efficiency. The low defluorination efficiency of PFOA was due to the low thermal stability of PFOA, which made it difficult to be captured by molten salt.The weight loss range of PFOA was 75°C–125°C, which was much lower than PFOS and PFBS (400°C–500°C). From the perspective of gas production, fluorine-containing gases produced from molten NaOH-treated AC were significantly reduced, which means that environmental risks were significantly reduced. After molten NaOH treatment, the regenerated AC had higher adsorption capacity than that of pre-treated AC.