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81.
Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area. 相似文献
82.
区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。 相似文献
83.
山区农业自然资源结构与农业宏观设计——以湖北省部分山区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农业宏观设计,目的在于正确拟定一个地区农业发展的战略规划。它需要解决的问题主要有三:1)合理布局农业生产力;2)合理设计农业结构,改善农业生态系统的功能;3)确定商品生产发展的项目、地域和规模。这些问题的解决必须以农业自然环境与资源的结构研究为基础。 相似文献
84.
85.
Determinationofpolychlorinatedbiphenylcongenersinenvironmentalsamples¥ChuShaogang;YangChun;XuXiaobai(ResearchCenterforEco-Env... 相似文献
86.
为实现葫芦岛市社会、经济和环境的可持续发展,将可持续发展变成现实的可操作的管理模式.运用层次分析方法对葫芦岛可持续发展能力进行研究,评价葫芦岛市现有可持续发展水平,分析影响可持续发展的原因并提出相应的解决方法。 相似文献
87.
G.L. Feng J. Letey A.C. Chang M. Campbell Mathews 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2005,110(3-4):219-229
Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH4+, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO3− on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO3− leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO3− leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO3− leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop. 相似文献
88.
89.
Transformation of chlorophenols by nanoscale bimetallic particles represents one of the latest innovative technologies for environmental remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles were synthesized in the laboratory for treatment of o-chlorophenol. Most of the nanoscale particles are in the size range of 20-100 nm. BET specific surface area of the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles is 12.4 m2/g. In comparison, a commercially available Fe powder( < 100 mesh) has a specific surface area of just 0.49 m2/g. Batch experiments demonstrated that the nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles can effectively dechlorinate o-chlorophenol. Dechlorination efficiency is affected by the mass fraction of Pd in the bimetal, nanoscale Pd/Fe mass concentration and mixing intensity. 相似文献
90.
本文论述了目前环境污染治理技术及其在应用中存在的问题。由于环境污染治理技术本身的局限性以及人们观念等原因 ,目前的环境污染治理存在一定的局限性 ,如何认识并克服它成为一个不容忽视的问题 ;并提出有实施污染治理过程中 ,必须用持续发展的理论进行指导 ,将污染物的污染防治战略转变为污染防止战略即“清洁生产”战略 相似文献