双氰胺-甲醛聚合物-聚合氯化铝复合絮凝剂的合成及应用

以双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝为主要原料,加入添加剂合成了双氰胺-甲醛聚合物（DF）-聚合氯化铝（PAC）复合絮凝剂。采用模拟印染废水考察了各种因素对DF—PAC复合絮凝剂混凝脱色性能的影响。实验结果表明,在双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝、添加剂加入量分别为29．1,57．8,4．8,12．5g,反应温度（70±1）℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下制得的DF—PAC复合絮凝剂的絮凝脱色性能良好,COD去除率不小于90％,色度去除率不小于99％。与PAC和DF絮凝剂相比,DF—PAC复合絮凝剂对实际印染废水的絮凝脱色效果更好。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理活性红X-3B染料废水

采用高压脉冲放电等离子体技术对活性红X-3B染料废水进行处理,考察了废水电导率、脉冲电压、脉冲频率、针板间距以及曝气量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,当废水电导率为200μS/cm、脉冲电压为34kV、脉冲频率为60Hz、针板间距为15mm、曝气量为12L/h、处理时间为60m in时,活性红X-3B染料废水脱色率能达到98.6%。     

The Relation Between Sandstorms and Strong Winds in Xinjiang,China

With observational data spanning 1961–1999 from 90 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China, the spatial and temporal characteristics of sandstorms and strong winds, and the contribution of strong winds to the occurrence of sandstormsare analyzed. Moreover, the dominant wind direction and minimumwind speeds during sandstorm periods are discussed. The research shows that although possessing similar climatic trends, sandstorms and strong winds in Xinjiang have opposite geographical distributions, i.e. places with more sandstorms show fewer strong winds. The contribution of strongwinds to sandstorms in northern Xinjiang is larger than that insouthern Xinjiang. The dominant wind directions clearly indicatethe paths of the weather systems that introduced the sandstorms.The minimum wind speeds in the sandstorms were over 10 ms^-1in northern and eastern Xinjiang and in the Turpan and Yanqi Basins of southern Xinjiang. In Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang,however, the minimum wind speed was about 6–8 ms^-1, and even 6 ms^-1 at its southern edge.     

三峡水库汞活化效应对鱼汞含量影响的预测

报道了三峡库区长江干流江段鱼体汞元素的含量范围为０．０４￣０．４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（湿重）,高于长江水系鱼体汞含量水平。分析了三峡库区鱼体汞含量高的原因,指出三峡库区毗邻武陵山高汞背景区,主要受汞矿开发、高汞燃煤及城市废弃物排放的影响。利用水库汞活化指数模型,预测三峡水库蓄水后库区干流及４０条主要支流水域汞的活化效应将增强０．３５￣１．５倍,鱼体汞含量将是现在鱼汞含量的１．４￣２．５倍;并根据不同鱼种汞     

The temporal changes of the concentration level of typical toxic organics in the river sediments around Beijing

In this study, the current situation of five types of toxic organics and endocrine disrupters in the sediments of rivers around Beijing, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), estrogens (Es), and bisphenol A (BPA), which included 56 contaminants, was analyzed and compared with that registered by the historical literatures. The ecological risks were also assessed. The total concentration of PAHs, PAEs, OCPs, Es, and BPA ranged from 232.5 ng·g^–1 to 5429.7 ng·g^–1, 2047.2 ng·g^–1 to 18051.5 ng·g^–1, 4.5 ng·g^–1 to 11.7 ng·g^–1, 18.1 ng·g^–1 to 105.2 ng·g^–1, and 36.3 ng·g^–1 to 69.6 ng·g^–1, respectively. Among these five types of organic compounds, the concentration levels of PAHs and OCPs have decreased significantly in the last ten years, while those of PAEs and Es had an upward trend compared with the previous studies. BPA still remained at a moderately high level, as it was ten years ago. The risks of the PAEs in all of the sample sites, and fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in the Wenyu River sediment, were relatively high. These results supplemented the database of toxic organics’ concentration levels in the sediments of Beijing rivers.

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高效液相色谱法测定水中的六种邻苯二甲酸酯研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定水中六种邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻笨二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯)的检测方法.对水样中邻苯二甲酸酯的萃取条件和高效液相色谱分析条件进行优化,采用正己烷二次萃取,浓缩定容后分析,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长226 nm,16 min可将六种邻苯二甲酸酯分离出.方法的检出限为0.13μg/L ～0.37 μg/L,加标回收率为78.6％～118.5％,相对标准偏差为0.82％～2.17％,是一种理想的测定水中六种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.     

大水量下快速提取悬浮物的方法研究

针对大量水体中悬浮物的提取,提出了一泵三瓶滤网覆盖抽滤法,该方法是在传统滤膜抽滤法的基础上,在滤膜的下面,增设了一张尼龙滤网,滤网的大小刚好覆盖布氏漏斗的抽滤小孔,并采用一台真空泵带动三个抽滤瓶。实践证明,一泵三瓶滤网覆盖抽滤法的抽滤速度是传统抽滤方法的7倍多,并且能够减少在抽滤过程中由于抽滤时间过长而导致的悬浮物的质量损失。因此,该方法能够大大提高抽滤的效率,缩短抽滤的时间,加快实验的进程,对大范围内的水体监测工作具有重要的现实意义。     

过氧化氢酶活性及活性抑制的紫外分光光度测定

在体内实验条件下，测定了鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶的活性。实验结果表明，过氧化氢酶的紫外分光光度法是可靠的，活性抑制结果表明，对－二硝基苯对鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶无有明显的抑制作用。鲤鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶可作为一项指标用于生态毒理学研究。     

衍生化气相色谱法测定黄磷诱发氧化水中苯酚降解产物

利用衍生化气相色谱法对黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物进行了研究，在磷酸存在下，以甲醇作酯类衍行生试剂，分别和ＳＥ－５２和ＨＰ－１７石英毛细管双柱结合ＧＣ－ＭＳ进行分离定性定量，黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物以羧酸为主，在反应温度５０℃时，表现为一级反应特征，速率常数（Ｋ）：０．０７７ｍｉｎ＾－１，半衰期（ｔ１／２）：９．０ｍｉｎ。     

垃圾堆肥场堆肥废气环境影响评价分析

垃圾堆肥场的建设将改变目前垃圾任意堆放的局面 ,堆肥产品可用于林业使垃圾得到无害化处理 ,并变废为宝。尽管如此在垃圾堆肥过程中还将释放出有害气体和垃圾渗透液等影响环境质量。针对堆肥所产生的大气污染物进行源强确定、扩散计算 ,分析其影响范围并推算卫生防护距离。