A study on the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI

Based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces for the period from 2004 to 2015, this paper expounds the carbon emissions effect of two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspective of scale effect and factor market distortions. This study uses Kaya identity to decompose carbon emission and construct simultaneous equations model to empirically examine the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI. The results show that the inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) increase regional carbon emission through scale effect and also exacerbates factor market distortion in China, whereas the outward FDI trends reduce carbon emission and reduces factor market distortions in China. The study also shows that human capital, research and development (R&D), trade openness, and capital accumulation are important determinants of two-way FDI. Therefore, the study proposes that IFDI policies should focus on acquiring green technologies. In addition, the domestic enterprises should be encouraged to participate in global business.     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

中国环境污染与经济增长的实证研究

本文基于我国1981-2007年环境污染与经济增长的相关数据,利用时间序列研究方法对我国EKC进行实证研究,说明建立EKC模型可能存在的问题。为弥补EKC模型中环境不影响经济的假设与变量难以量化的不足,运用VAR模型研究二者的动态关系。EKC研究结果表明:EKC是一种客观现象,而不是一般规律;与人们生产生活关系密切的污染物更有可能出现EKC特征。VAR脉冲响应和方差分解的动态分析结果与二者相互作用机理相符:一方面我国经济增长通过规模效应、结构效应、技术效应等因素影响环境;一方面随着人们环境质量需求弹性的增加,政府对环境质量的重视,环境对企业生产行为的约束机制正逐步形成,但可能由于人们通过自身消费影响产出的作用有限和环境政策实施存在滞后性等原因,这种机制的形成存在一定滞后。     

卤代烃毒性的化学评价法:鸟嘌呤卤代烃加合物FTIR、UV光谱表征

研究鸟嘌呤与一系列卤代烃反应的加合产物 ,利用HPLC二极管阵列检测器得到的特征紫外光谱 (UV)对加合产物样品进行了鉴定 ,然后加合产物经薄层 (TLC)分离 ,再进一步做红外 (FTIR)鉴定 ,从而得到鸟嘌呤 卤代烃氧位和氮位加合物的红外光谱表征 .研究表明 ,鸟嘌呤卤代烃的氮位加合物异构体的紫外光谱吸收峰的波长在 240～250nm之间 ,氧位加合物UV波长在 260～270nm附近 .鸟嘌呤与本文涉及的各卤代烃的加合物的红外光谱之间差别不大 :其氮位加合物在 1700cm^-1处 ,均有CO的特征吸收峰 ;其氧位加合物的红外光谱亦相近 .     

弹性填料微孔曝气生物膜法修复污染水源除NH4+-N

采用弹性填料微孔曝气生物接触氧化法对受污染的水源进行修复除NH₄⁺-N效果研究.结果表明,在正常水温20℃～27℃条件下,当污染水源COD_Mn7～14mg/L,NH₄⁺-N 0.7～2.0mg/L和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.4h,气:水=0.5:1,DO为7～9mg/L时,生物修复工艺可去除水源中的NH₄⁺-N为64%～95%;在较低水温7℃～12℃条件下,当污染水源COD_Mn6～11mg/L,NH₄⁺-N 1.2～8.0mg/L和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.4h,气:水=0.5:1,DO为8～10mg/L时,生物修复工艺可去除水源中的NH₄⁺-N为40%～63%.     

以CaS为燃煤固硫产物的热力学可行性和实验探索

高于１２００℃的燃煤固硫因ＣａＳＯ４的分解而因硫效率不高。ＣａＳ在高温下不会分解，若以ＣａＳ形式能将硫分固定下来，可以大大提高固硫效率。从热力学研究着手，计算预测了以ＣａＳ形式固硫的可行性；在富煤还原气氛燃烧时，在高于１２２７℃可达９０％的固硫效果；在贫煤燃烧时，由于局部存在还原气氛，也可达到一定的固硫效果。本文实验表明，固硫剂中的某些非钙基添加剂可以在高温下形成玻璃态物质，更好地抑制ＣａＳ的氧化     

贵州省旱田土壤N2O释放及其环境影响因素

以贵州省的玉米－油菜轮作田、大豆－冬小麦轮作和休耕地为研究对象,采用密闭箱－气相色谱法,对整个轮作期的土壤Ｎ₂Ｏ释放进行观测,初步研究我国亚热带旱田的Ｎ₂Ｏ释放特征．实验研究结果表明,３试验田Ｎ₂Ｏ释放通量具有相同的规律性日变化形式,秋收作物达通量极大值的时间比越冬作物滞后２ｈ～３ｈ,气温是控制Ｎ₂Ｏ通量日变化的主要环境因子：３试验田Ｎ₂Ｏ释放通量（以Ｎ₂Ｏ中的Ｎ计）分别在９．８１～４３３．１１,４．００～１８０．４１和９．７４～２８２．００μｇ·ｍ^-2·ｈ^-1,高于我国水田和北方旱田的Ｎ₂Ｏ释放通量;进一步分析表明,３试验田Ｎ₂Ｏ释放通量具有相同的季节变化模式,Ｎ₂Ｏ 释放峰受降雨事件的直接影响,Ｎ₂Ｏ通量与降雨量和土壤湿度间有显著的正相关性,而与温度的关系不明显     

污水处理场改造中浮选工艺单元的优化

浮选工艺在国内是比较成熟的工艺，但是更先进的工艺技术在待进一步的开发和利用，借我厂污水场改扩之机，从理论上论证隐厂所选用的先进而独特的工艺技术--一级浮选采用生化出水分流的方式，此种方法能耗最低，去除率最高，值得推广和应用。     

生物法处理低浓度有机废气的填料选择研究

采用不锈钢环、瓷环、陶粒、塑料环、海藻石、轻质陶块、煤渣等作为填料的试验研究，结果表明七种填料的净化性能顺序为：海藻石＞轻质陶块＞陶粒＞瓷环＞不锈钢环＞煤渣＞塑料环。     

一种富稀土型三效催化剂的性能考察

对一种富烯土型三效催化剂的性能进行了考察，结果表明：该催化剂具有较好的三效活性和较好的启燃温度特性，具有较宛的空速适应范围，在空速为84000h^-1时，CO,NOx的转化率仍在90％以上，HC转化率仍在70％以上，该催化剂具有较好的耐老化性能，经实验室快速老化实验，即相当于实车行驶8万km,CO劣化系数，1.09,HC劣化系1．05，NOx劣化系数1．06，该催化剂经桑塔纳轿车整车28工况测试，其交化效果与该车配置的美国Engelherd公司的催化剂相当。