恩施市发展循环农业的思考

循环农业作为一种新的农业发展方式,可促进资源的有效利用,实现农业和相关产业的迅速发展.恩施市是一个以山地为主的农业城市,发展循环农业的意义重大.分析了恩施市发展循环农业的必要性以及有利因素和制约因素,提出了发展循环农业的相关对策建议.     

Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理油田采油废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化与生化组合技术处理生物难降解的采油废水的研究结果表明 ,Fenton氧化技术不但对采油废水中有机质有较好的去除率 ,而且大大地改善了废水的可生化性 ,在H2 O2 的投加浓度和Fe2 + 与H2 O2 的摩尔比分别为10mmol/L和 0 .1的条件下 ,经过 30min氧化后可使废水BOD值由原来的 5mg/L上升至 4 0mg/L ;同时随着氧化时间的延长 ,废水中残余的有机物分子量逐渐降低。 30min氧化后的废水经过生物处理 ,其出水COD值为 10 2mg/L ,可以满足国家综合污水外排标准 ,经济分析结果表明 ,该技术处理采油废水的运行成本为 1 4 7元 /t。这一技术在解决石油行业采油废水的外排达标方面具有很好的应用前景。     

溶气气浮过程动力学模型的分形观

凝聚/絮凝过程中形成的絮体通常具有分形几何结构,导致絮体的密度、渗透性发生了变化,从而对于固液分离过程(沉淀、气浮和过滤)带来很大的影响。本文基于前人对于絮体分形的研究成果,建立了絮体与微气泡之间接触碰撞的动力学方程、絮体/微气泡聚集体在水中上升的分形速率方程。絮体与微气泡间的相对尺度和流态的不同会有不同的碰撞机制,相应的动力学方程式与絮体的分形维数也有不同的关系。     

Investigation of the accumulation of ash,heavy metals,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to assess the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction in sequencing batch reactor

The accumulation of ash, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively called potential accumulating substances, PAS) was evaluated to ascertain the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction process (LSRP) for municipal sludge treatment. One sequencing batch reactor (SBR) incorporated with homogenization was run to test the LSRP and another SBR as a control. The continuous monitoring results for 2 months showed that the ash and heavy metals slightly increased, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 18.0%, indicating that there may be negligible accumulations during the LSRP. Their accumulations met pattern I, as demonstrated by statistical analysis, proving no PAS accumulation for LSRP. This was further confirmed by sludge activity and system performance. Moreover, the mechanism for no PAS accumulation was discussed. It was concluded that the LSRP was stable with no worries about PAS accumulation under the operational conditions.     

钛基IrO2-SnO2电极在烟气海水脱硫恢复系统中的应用

采用浸渍-热分解法制备了含IrOx-TiO2中间层的IrO2-SnO2电极,得到的电极具有较高的析氯电催化活性和较强的稳定性,并通过电化学氧化法对Na2SO3海水脱硫模拟液进行处理,考察了电流密度、温度、pH值和电解时间等电解工艺参数对Na2SO3去除率和化学需氧量COD的影响.结果表明,在电流密度为200 mA/cm...     

Adsorption of Ammonium by Graphene Oxide-Based Composites Prepared by UV Irradiation and Using as Slow-Release Fertilizer

A novel sodium alginate-grafted poly(acrylic acid)/graphene oxide (NaAlg-g-PAA/GO) composite hydrogel was prepared via ultraviolet irradiation, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy spectrometer. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was employed to adsorb NH₄⁺ from aqueous solution and used as slow-release nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs). Result indicated that the adsorption process for NH₄⁺ reached equilibrium within 50 min, with the adsorption capacity of 6.6 mmol g^?1 even if 30 wt% GO was incorporated. The results of adsorption kinetic and isotherm were well described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model. The thermodynamics analysis showed the adsorption process was spontaneous. The study indicated excellent water-holding ratio of soil with 2 wt% SNFs was 81.2%, and nitrogen release was up to 55.1% within 40 days in soil. Overall, NaAlg-g-PAA/GO could be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the recovery of nitrogen with the agronomic reuse as a fertilizer.     

九龙江口水体中有机氯农药分布特征及归宿

1999-06,对九龙江口15个站位的表层水,13个站位的间隙水进行了18种有机氯农药的测定结果表明,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为51.3～2479nng/L在间隙水中的浓度范围是266～33355ng/L.对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕),Endosulfan Sulfate(硫酸硫丹),Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂)以及Endosulfan II(硫丹),Dieldrin(狄氏剂),Deta-HCH和Beta-HCH 7种有机氯农药在18种有机氯农药中都占主要部分;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序:β＞δ>α＞γ;对于滴滴涕,表层水中的含量:DDE>>DDD＞DDT;间隙水中的含量:DDE>>DDT＞DDD,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的50%以上,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度,在河口中呈去除趋势;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移.九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比,污染水平相当,部分站位水质有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准.     

纳米TiO2光催化反应器研究进展

光催化氧化作为一种高级氧化技术,在环境工程治理领域得到较快的发展。主要介绍了纳米TiO2光催化反应器近年来的研究进展,对各类型反应器的优缺点进行了深入分析,并展望了催化反应器应用前景。     

传感技术用于甲醛测定的研究

甲醛是一种重要的工业原料,在化工、食品、建材等方面有着广泛的应用。由于甲醛毒性大,且被怀疑具有致癌作用,目前已被认为是工厂区和室内空气中最重要的污染物之一。随着人们对空气污染的日益关注,对甲醛的准确及时检测显得更加重要。基于传感器技术而研制出的甲醛测定仪,让我们看到传感技术运用于甲醛测定领域的发展前景。本文就测定甲醛的传感器技术如电化学传感器、光化学传感器、金属氧化物传感器、电子鼻以及声表面波式传感器的一些重要应用进行了阐述。     

生物活性炭法深度处理印染废水及其生物毒性的表征

采用负载经驯化后微生物的活性炭深度处理实际印染废水,研究生物活性炭系统中存在的生物相及其降解有机污染物的作用,并表征了处理后印染废水的生物毒性。结果表明,生物相中含有草履虫、轮虫及钟虫等原生动物。随着运行次数的增加,活性炭反应器在运行5次后出水的COD、NH3-N及色度去除率骤降,但是生物活性炭处理后出水的COD、NH3-N及色度去除率缓慢下降。生物活性炭能很好地降解印染废水中的苯酚类和稠环芳烃污染物。本研究中生物活性炭反应器对氨氮和COD的去除符合一级动力学方程,去除动力学常数分别为1.02和0.96。经过生物活性炭的处理可以将印染废水的生物毒性降到适于小球藻生长的水平。