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421.
Research on the alternatives in a strategic environmental assessment based on the extension theory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main purpose of a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is to facilitate the early consideration of potential environmental impacts in decision-making processes. SEA alternative identification is a core issue within the SEA framework. However, the current methods of SEA alternative formulation and selection are constrained by the limited setting range and lack of scientific evaluation. Thus, the current paper attempts to provide a new methodology based on the extension theory to identify a range of alternatives and screen the best one. Extension planning is applied to formulate a set of alternatives that satisfy the reasonable interests of the stakeholders. Extension priority evaluation is used to assess and optimize the alternatives and present a scientific methodology for the SEA alternative study. Thereafter, the urban traffic plan of Dalian City is used as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the new method. The traffic planning scheme and the environmental protection scheme are organically combined based on the extension theory, and the reliability and practicality of this approach are examined. 相似文献
422.
攀西区域涉重金属典型企业周边环境特征及潜在生态风险 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
通过对攀西区域安宁河流域的7个断面底泥以及该区域17家典型涉重金属工业周边土壤进行环境质量状况调查和生态风险评价,结果显示,底泥中6种重金属砷、铬、铅、镉、汞和钒含量在凉山州境内特别是冕宁县断面含量最高,污染最重,攀枝花境内米易县部分含量较低;底泥中铅、镉和砷等出现了中重度污染,且钒和铬含量、砷和镉含量之间分别呈极显著和显著相关,同源性特征明显,土壤中镉超标范围最广,超标程度最重且呈面状重度风险,钒和汞超标范围较大,汞出现较重风险,其余为低度风险。 相似文献
423.
建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)测定地表水中高氯酸盐的方法。以Dionex IonPac AG20阴离子交换柱为分析柱,弱碱性的0.056%氨水/5 mmol/L乙酸氨为流动相,1.0 mL/min的流速,电喷雾负离子模式电离,MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测高氯酸盐。方法检出限达0.043μg/L,线性范围为0.2~50μg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 4,含量分别约为2、6、30μg/L的实际样品进样10次得到的相对标准偏差分别为2.47%、4.55%、0.49%,样品加标回收率在80%~109%,将该法与US EPA method314.0进行比对,结果基本吻合。 相似文献
424.
京津冀典型城市采暖季颗粒物浓度与元素分布特征 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
选择京津冀地区3个典型城市和从南至北的4个国家大气背景站作为研究对象,收集采暖季空气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10样品,微波消解-ICP-MS法分析了样品中的68种元素。结果表明,北京、天津、石家庄PM2.5和PM10日均质量浓度均高于国家二级标准限值和背景点,一元线性回归分析结果表明,PM10与PM2.5质量浓度呈线性相关,Na、Mg、Al、S、K、Ca、Fe质量浓度为0.1~10μg/m3,Si、P、Ti、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ba、Pb质量浓度为10~100 ng/m3,其他元素质量浓度为0.01~10 ng/m3或未检出。在元素构成上,S、Na、Al、K、Fe、Mg、Ca、P、Si等是主要元素,元素含量均大于1%。其他微量元素每种元素含量为0.1%~1%。14种重点防控重金属在PM2.5中的吸附显著高于PM10,主要来源于燃煤、燃油、工业排放、机动车尾气等。 相似文献
425.
通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中砷的方法进行了优化和比对研究。结果表明,ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪快速测定水中砷的方法检出限(0.2 mg/L)高于JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪的方法检出限(0.008和0.009 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪具有相对较高的灵敏度。ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和JH 916检测仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度相近,其测定结果相对标准偏差均未超过5.7%(n=6),PORS-15 V光谱仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差最大值为17%。测定实际样品时,加标回收率分别为110%~126%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),63%~108%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),78%~101%(JH 916检测仪)。3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测定结果精密度均存在显著性差异,测定结果相对偏差亦较大,相对偏差最大值分别为-19.0%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),17.0%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),-15.0%(JH 916检测仪)。 相似文献
426.
Impact of socioeconomic development on ecosystem services and its conservation strategies: a case study of Shandong Province,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ecosystems and their components provide a lot of benefits for the welfare of human beings. Coupled with increasing socioeconomic
development, most of the rapidly developing and transitional countries and regions have been experiencing dramatic land use
changes. This has resulted in a large amount of forestland, grassland, and wetland being occupied as residential and industrial
land or reclaimed for arable land, which in turn results in a sharp deterioration of ecosystem services around the world.
Shandong Province, an economically powerful province of China, was chosen as a case study in order to capture the impact of
socioeconomic development on ecosystem services. By way of the study, land uses and their changes were categorized between
1980 and 2006, and the ecosystem services capital and changes of 111 counties of Shandong Province in different phases were
evaluated, as well as the total ecosystem services capital, followed by the zoning of ecosystem services function region of
Shandong Province. We found that the counties in mountainous areas and wetlands, where generally the prefectural-level cities
are located with a rapid socioeconomic development, experienced a successive deterioration of ecosystem services especially
during the 2000s. Finally, three conservation strategies for managing and improving ecosystem services were proposed and discussed
with the aim of achieving coordinate and sustainable development of the socioeconomy, environment, and ecosystems not only
in Shandong Province but also in other provinces of China, as well as in other developing and transitional countries and regions. 相似文献
427.
Both the net primary productivity (NPP) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are commonly used as indicators
to characterize vegetation vigor, and NDVI has been used as a surrogate estimator of NPP in some cases. To evaluate the reliability
of such surrogation, here we examined the quantitative difference between NPP and NDVI in their outcomes of vegetation vigor
assessment at a landscape scale. Using Landsat ETM+ data and a process model, the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator,
NPP distribution was mapped at a resolution of 90 m, and total NDVI during the growing season was calculated in Heihe River
Basin, Northwest China in 2002. The results from a comparison between the NPP and NDVI classification maps show that there
existed a substantial difference in terms of both area and spatial distribution between the assessment outcomes of these two
indicators, despite that they are strongly correlated. The degree of difference can be influenced by assessment schemes, as
well as the type of vegetation and ecozone. Overall, NDVI is not a good surrogate of NPP as the indicators of vegetation vigor
assessment in the study area. Nonetheless, NDVI could serve as a fairish surrogate indicator under the condition that the
target region has low vegetation cover and the assessment has relatively coarse classification schemes (i.e., the class number
is small). It is suggested that the use of NPP and NDVI should be carefully selected in landscape assessment. Their differences
need to be further evaluated across geographic areas and biomes. 相似文献
428.
Kong S Lu B Ji Y Zhao X Bai Z Xu Y Liu Y Jiang H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):791-803
15 road and 14 soil dust samples were collected from an oilfield city, Dongying, from 11/2009-4/2010 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb within PM(2.5), PM(10) and PM(100) fractions synchronously. Metal concentrations, sources and human health risk were studied. Results showed that both soil and road dust exhibited higher values for Mn and Zn and lower values for Co and Cd for the three fractions. Mass concentration ratios of PM(2.5)/PM(10) and PM(10)/PM(100) for metals in road and soil dust indicate that most of the heavy metals tend to concentrate in fine particles. Geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors analysis showed that Cu, Zn and Cd exhibited moderate or heavy contamination and significant enrichment, indicating the influence of anthropogenic sources. Vanadium, Cr, Mn and Co were mostly not enriched and were mainly influenced by crustal sources. For Ni, As and Pb, they ranged from not enriched to moderately enriched and were influenced by both crustal materials and anthropogenic sources. The conclusions were confirmed by multivariate analysis methods. Principle component analysis revealed that the major sources were vehicle emission, industrial activities, coal combustion, agricultural activities and crustal materials. The risk assessment results indicated that metal ingestion appeared to be the main exposure route followed by dermal contact. The most likely cause for cancer and other health risks are both the fine particles of soil and road dusts. 相似文献
429.
Cassava starch waste hydrolysates (CSWHs) with different degrees of polymerisation, i.e., CSWHs-1, CSWHs-2 and CSWHs-3, were prepared through the hydrolysis of cassava starch waste with thermostable a-amylase from Thermococcus sp. HJ21. The prepared CSWHs were then used as a carbon source for curdlan production with Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 31749. The amount of curdlan produced and the glucosyltransferase activity during curdlan synthesis increased more obviously when CSWHs-2 was used as the carbon source than when glucose was used. Using both carbon sources, the maximum curdlan production was observed at day 5, and the maximum glucosyltransferase activity was observed at day 4. Glucosyltransferase activity decreased thereafter, and biomass continued to increase until the end of the experiment (day 6). Results indicated that the enhanced curdlan production with CSWHs as the carbon source was highly correlated with glucosyltransferase activity. 相似文献
430.
Na Wang You-Gan Wang Shuwen Hu Zhi-Hua Hu Jing Xu Hongwu Tang Guangqiu Jin 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2018,23(6):779-786
We introduce robust procedures for analyzing water quality data collected over time. One challenging task in analyzing such data is how to achieve robustness in presence of outliers while maintaining high estimation efficiency so that we can draw valid conclusions and provide useful advices in water management. The robust approach requires specification of a loss function such as the Huber, Tukey’s bisquare and the exponential loss function, and an associated tuning parameter determining the extent of robustness needed. High robustness is at the cost of efficiency loss in parameter loss. To this end, we propose a data-driven method which leads to more efficient parameter estimation. This data-dependent approach allows us to choose a regularization (tuning) parameter that depends on the proportion of “outliers” in the data so that estimation efficiency is maximized. We illustrate the proposed methods using a study on ammonium nitrogen concentrations from two sites in the Huaihe River in China, where the interest is in quantifying the trend in the most recent years while accounting for possible temporal correlations and “irregular” observations in earlier years. 相似文献