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551.
液化石油气"溢出"的危害及对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对液化石油气的性质及危险性进行了论述,分析了溢出后对人员及设备的危害,提出了减轻损失的对策。 相似文献
552.
高吉峰 《安全.健康和环境》2008,8(11)
2007年7月17日9时左右,位于美国堪萨斯州山谷中心的巴顿溶剂公司的威奇托工厂发生了爆炸和火灾事故。11名当地居民和1名消防队员接受了医学治疗。这次事故导致大约6000名山谷中心居民的撤离,摧毁了1个储罐区域并且极大地影响了巴顿溶剂公司的经营业务。 相似文献
553.
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555.
Xiao WANG Fanghua HAO Xuan ZHANG Wen SUN Hongguang CHENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):318-325
Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies.
Severe gas H2S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead
to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H2S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in
low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field”
as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian
Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H2S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results
showed that the H2S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated
in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the
hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the
better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental
risk size combining the H2S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental
risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of
higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse
effects were worked out. 相似文献
556.
Liquan Zhang Zhanguo Gao Richard Armitage Martin Kent 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):187-197
The spectral reflectance of recently formed salt marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which are undergoing invasion
by Spartina alterniflora, were assessed to determine the potential utility of remotely sensed data in assessing future invasion and changes in species
composition. Following a review of published research on remote sensing of salt marshes, 53 locations along three transects
were sampled for paired data on plant species composition and spectral reflectance using a FieldSpec™ Pro JR Field Portable
Spectroradiometer. Spectral data were processed concerning reflectance, and the averaged reflectance values for each sample
were reanalysed to correspond to a 12-waveband bandset of the Compact Airborne Spectral Imager. The spectral data were summarised
using principal components analysis (PCA) and the relationships between the vegetation composition, and the PCA axes of spectral
data were examined. The first PCA axis of the reflectance data showed a strong correlation with variability in near infrared
reflectance and ‘brightness’, while the second axis was correlated with visible reflectance and ‘greenness’. Total vegetation
cover, vegetation height, and mudflat cover were all significantly related to the first axis. The implications of this in
terms of the ability of remote sensing to distinguish the various salt marsh species and in particular the invasive species
S. alterniflora were discussed. Major differences in species with various physiognomies could be recognised but problems occurred in separating
early colonising S. alterniflora from other species at that stage. Further work using multi-seasonal hyperspectral data might assist in solving these problems. 相似文献
557.
Gao J Liu L Liu X Lu J Zhou H Huang S Wang Z Spear PA 《Environment international》2008,34(8):1097-1103
Persistent organochlorine pesticides pollutants (OCPs) have been reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in some Chinese waters. In order to map the distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the surface water throughout China, samples were collected from over 600 sites in seven major river basins and three main internal rivers drainage areas during 2003 and 2004. The surface water samples were analyzed for the representative organochlorine pesticides contaminants including lindane (gamma-HCH), p,p'-DDT and heptachlor epoxide. In general, the most frequently detected compound was lindane, being detected in 83.9% of samples (mean=31.3 ng/l; range <0.17-860 ng/l), and the highest concentration was present in the Yellow River basin. p,p'-DDT was detected in 63.1% of the samples collected (mean=14.6 ng/l; range <0.14-368 ng/l) with the highest concentration present in the Huaihe River basin. Heptachlor epoxide was detected in only 9.3% of water samples (range <0.11-10 ng/l). Measured concentrations for the three compounds were low and rarely exceed the environment quality standard for surface water of China. Lindane was more frequently detected at much higher concentrations in the rivers of northern China compared with those of southern China. The sites with higher concentration of lindane and p,p'-DDT mainly occurred in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins, so the results of this investigation indicate that the organochlorine pesticide contamination of Yellow River and Huaihe River basins should be of particular concern relative to the other basins. When compared with other regions of the world, it appears that the Chinese surface water is moderately polluted by lindane and p,p'-DDT. 相似文献
558.
采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱联用法,建立了同时测定养殖废水中9种大环内酯及林可酰胺类抗生素的方法,并对样品pH值、保存时间、洗脱溶剂、上样流速及过滤材质等进行了优化。测定结果表明,pH值为6,过滤材质为聚丙烯(GHP),上样速度为5 mL/min时,9种抗生素的加标回收率最优,为71.4%~126%,相对标准偏差最小,为2.4%~7.1%,标准曲线的线性最好,相关系数为0.998 5~0.999 5,检出限为0.78~1.22 ng/L。该方法灵敏度高、检出限低、测定结果准确,能够广泛应用于养殖废水中大环内酯及林可酰胺类抗生素残留量的监测分析。 相似文献
559.
Hong Wang Jay Gao Li-Liang Ren Yan Kong He Li Ling Li 《Regional Environmental Change》2013,13(1):115-123
As wildlife habitat is in constant evolution, periodic monitoring is essential to assess its quality. In this study, the change to the red-crowned crane habitat in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve was detected from multi-temporal remote sensing data from 1992 to 2008 in a geographic information system. Habitat fragmentation was derived from both physical constraints and human disturbance. The changing habitat quality was assessed against five landscape indices. The results obtained from Landsat TM images indicate that potential habitat shrank 37.9 % during 1992–2001, but recovered 99.4 % by 2008. Suitable habitat shrank by 4,329 ha to a level below that of 1992 despite an increase of 4,747 ha in potential habitat due to an increase of 9,075 ha in fragmented areas. Both landscape indices and the red-crowned crane population reveal that suitable habitat was the most fragmented in 2001, but the least fragmented in 1992. Therefore, it is inadequate to just restore wetland through artificial diversion of channel flow to the Reserve to preserve the crane habitat. Commensurate efforts should also be directed at improving habitat quality by minimizing human activities and spatially juxtaposing water and reed marshes harmoniously inside the Reserve. 相似文献
560.
Abstract China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China's sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy. 相似文献