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851.
从南京地震台DK - 1中长周期地震记录 ,取得地震面波的尾波地动双振幅A随尾波推移时间τ(自图上P波起算 )的衰减关系 ,并以MS(PEK)震级标度为基准 ,定义面波的尾波震级MSC=0 88lgAH+1 51lgτH+0 73 =0 86lgAZ+1 47lgτZ+0 76 ,尾波的多点测量改善了MSC的精度 ,震级标准差S=0 1 2。 相似文献
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Anne Ostermann Jing Gao Gerhard Welp Jan Siemens Marco Roelcke Lisa Heimann Rolf Nieder Qiaoyun Xue Xianyong Lin Alexandra Sandhage-Hofmann Wulf Amelung 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7693-7707
In regions with high livestock densities, the usage of antibiotics and metals for veterinary purposes or as growth promoters poses a risk in manured soils. We investigated to which degree the concentrations and depth distributions of Cu, Zn, Cr and As could be used as a tracer to discover contaminations with sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Besides, we estimated the potential vertical translocation of antibiotics and compared the results to measured data. In the peri-urban region of Beijing, China, soil was sampled from agricultural fields and a dry riverbed contaminated by organic waste disposal. The antibiotic concentrations reached 110 μg kg?1 sulfamethazine, 111 μg kg?1 chlortetracycline and 62 μg kg?1 enrofloxacin in the topsoil of agricultural fields. Intriguingly, total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr and As were smaller than 65, 130, 36 and 10 mg kg?1 in surface soil, respectively, therewith fulfilling Chinese quality standards. Correlations between sulfamethazine concentrations and Cu or Zn suggest that in regions with high manure applications, one might use the frequently existing monitoring data for metals to identify potential pollution hotspots for antibiotics in topsoils. In the subsoils, we found sulfamethazine down to ≥2 m depth on agricultural sites and down to ≥4 m depth in the riverbed. As no translocation of metals was observed, subsoil antibiotic contamination could not be predicted from metal data. Nevertheless, sulfonamide stocks in the subsoil could be estimated with an accuracy of 35–200 % from fertilisation data and potential leaching rates. While this may not be sufficient for precise prediction of antibiotic exposure, it may very well be useful for the pre-identification of risk hotspots for subsequent in-depth assessment studies. 相似文献
855.
为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。 相似文献
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采用C18固相膜萃取对地下水中15种多环芳烃进行富集净化,以二氯甲烷作洗脱溶剂,高效液相色谱法,荧光检测器测定。对萃取、浓缩和色谱条件进行优化,在1.ooixg/L~40.0μg/L范围内测定标准系列溶液并绘制标准曲线,相关系数R2〉0.999;15种多环芳烃的仪器检出限为0.4ng/L~3.0ng/L;对地下水样品加标,平均回收率在75.7%~96.7%之间;标准溶液平行测定7次的RSD为3.1%~11.9%。 相似文献
858.
Dynamics of aeolian desertification and its driving forces in the Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Han-chen Duan Tao Wang Xian Xue Shu-lin Liu Jian Guo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6083-6096
Aeolian desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socioeconomic problems in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid zones. Understanding desertification processes and causes is important to provide reasonable and effective control measures for preventing desertification. With satellite remote sensing images as data source to assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of desertification from 1975 to 2010 in the Horqin Sandy Land, dynamic changes of aeolian desertification were detected using the human–machine interactive interpretation method. The driving factors of local desertification were analyzed based on natural and socioeconomic data. The results show that aeolian desertified land in the study area covered 30,199 km2 in 2010, accounting for 24.1 % of the study area. The total area of aeolian desertified land obviously expanded from 30,884 km2 in 1975 to 32,071 km2 in 1990, and gradually decreased to 30,199 km2 in 2010; aeolian desertified land represented an increasing trend firstly and then decreased. During the past 35 years, the gravity centers of desertified lands that are classified as extremely severe and severe generally migrated to the northeast, whereas those that are moderate and slight migrated to the northwest. The migration distance of severely desertified land was the largest, which indicated the southern desertified lands were improved during the last few decades. In addition, the climatic variation in the past 35 years has been favorable to desertification in the Horqin Sandy Land. Aeolian desertified land rapidly expanded from 1975 to 1990 under the combined effects of climate changes and unreasonable human activities. After the 1990s, the main driving factors responsible for the decrease in desertification were positive human activities, such as the series of antidesertification and ecological restoration projects. 相似文献
859.
北京市PM2.5质量浓度特征及组分化学质量闭合研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
2013年7—9月分2次在北京市朝阳区的4个采样点(来广营、垡头、奥体和建外)进行PM2.5手工采样,共获得164个有效滤膜样品。以石英滤膜为例,这4个采样点的均值分别为85、94、81、86 μg/m3。数据显示PM2.5质量浓度呈"南高北低"的特点。化学质量闭合研究表明:碳质组分(OM+EC)和二次无机离子是PM2.5的主要组成;碳质组分对夏季PM2.5的质量浓度贡献比较稳定,2次采样对PM2.5的贡献均在1/3左右,与采样时间和地点无关;二次无机离子的贡献则与采样时间有关,对PM2.5的贡献在第一和第二次采样时间分别约为30%和20%。4个采样点中,最南端的垡头PM2.5质量浓度最高,有机颗粒物、SO42-、NO3-和NH4+的质量浓度平均值最高,分别为26、18.2、10.5、5.9 μg/m3。 相似文献
860.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhan-Jun Xue Shu-Qing Liu Yan-Ling Liu Yong-Lu Yan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3503-3513
With the long-term application of wastewater to vegetable production fields, there is concern about potential health risks
of heavy metals contaminating the edible parts of vegetables grown in contaminated soils in the suburban areas of Baoding
City, China. The average concentration of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated soil was the highest (153.77 mg kg−1), followed by Pb (38.35 mg kg−1), Cu (35.06 mg kg−1), Ni (29.81 mg kg−1), and Cd (0.22 mg kg−1) which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the reference soil. The results showed that long-term sewage irrigation had led to a growing accumulation
of heavy metals in the soils, especially for Cd, Zn, and Pb. Furthermore, the concentrations of elemental Cd, Zn, and Ni in
vegetables (e.g., Beassica pekinensis L., Allium fistulosum L., Spinacia oleracea L.) collected from the wastewater-irrigated soils exceeded the maximum permissible limits, and this also increased the daily
intake of metals by food. However, compared with the health risk index of <1 for heavy metals, the ingestion of vegetables
from the soils irrigated with sewage effluent posed a low health risk. Nevertheless, heavy metal concentrations should be
periodically monitored in vegetables grown in these soils together with the implementation effective remediation technologies
to minimize possible impacts on human health. 相似文献