环境污染的经济分析及对策

本文对造成环境污染的经济学原因进行了分析 ,指出单纯依靠政府干预或单纯依靠市场都难以达到有效率地控制污染 ,只有通过政府干预 ,明确环境资源产权 ,才能利用市场机制优化环境资源配置     

Photolysis of mono- through deca-chlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in n-hexane and quantitative structure-property relationship analysis

The photolysis of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） （including mono- through deca-chlorinated） in n-hexane was investigated under ultraviolet irradiation using a 500-W high-pressure mercury lamp. Photolysis of PCBs follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with photolysis rate constants ranging between 0.0011 s^-1 for PCB-52 and 0.0574 s^-1 for PCB-118. The degradation rates of PCBs by high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation were remarkably independent with respect to the degree of chlorination. Furthermore, partial least squares （PLS） models were developed to provide insight into which aspect of the molecular structure influenced PCB photolysis rate constants. It was found that the photolysis rates of PCBs increased with an increase in the net charge on the carbon atom （qc）, （ELUMO-EHOMO）^2, and the Y-axis dipole moment （μy） values, or the decrease in the energy of the second highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO-1）, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, ELUMO ＋ EHOMO, ELUMO - EHOMO, most positive atomic charge （q^＋）, and the twist angle of the chlorine atom （TA） values.     

圆盘式固相萃取HPLC法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR

采用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术（SPE／HPLC）测定饮用水的微囊藻毒索,并对SPE的萃取条件和HPLC的色谱条件进行了优化,对SPE的多项参数,诸如萃取率、检出限及测定限以及准确度和精密度均作了测试。通过实际水样进行了分析,该方法测定MC—LR（LR型微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5～50ug／L,相关系数为0．9992;测定MC—RR（RR微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5—50ug/L,相关系数为0．9989。SPE法之优于LLE法主要在于分析过程快速,有机溶剂使用量大大减少,方法更适合于大量水样中有机污染物的现场取样处理。     

葫芦岛锌业股份有限公司汞污染现状调查与防治对策研究

葫芦岛市是辽宁省汞污染最严重的城市,该市汞排放量约占全省汞排放量的90％以上。从多年环境管理掌握情况看,葫芦岛市现仅有葫芦岛锌业股份有限公司（简称葫芦岛锌厂）一家企业有汞污染物排出,为加强葫芦岛市汞污染治理和管理提供科学依据,本论文主要针对葫芦岛锌厂周圉环境汞污染现状调查与防治对策进行研究。     

交通规划环评的影响识别及案例分析

公路主枢纽、港口、以及城市交通在规划前必须进行环境影响评价。在交通规划环评中,根据其影响性质及影响范围的不同,从而决定影响识别的内容及方法的不同。交通规划本身和规划实施过程中存在着很大的不确定性,交通规划促进了节点城市的经济发展,增加了就业机会,对社会和经济的发展总体上是有利的;但交通规划在自然生态系统和环境质量方面多为负面影响,尤其是在建设初期,但这类影响多是短期的,随着建设期的完工,逐渐会消失。因此,可以通过对交通规划方案的影响分析,识别出主要的环评影响,减缓或消除由于决策失误造成的环境影响,从交通规划源头控制环境问题的产生。     

爆炸冲击对环境的破坏研究

重点研究了炸药爆炸时释放的能量对周围环境的影响。从工程实际出发,利用程序,建立了炸药在钢板上爆炸的数学模型,计算了在爆炸不同时刻对环境的有效压力波,分析了爆炸发生时在空气中应力波传播与能量耗散过程、分析了离装药位置不同的单元所受压力的变化情况。     

职业健康安全管理体系的持续改进要求

在分析职业健康安全管理体系主要要素的基础上,阐明了主要要素对持续改进的要求和组织进行持续改进的思路。     

Habitat influences on diversity of bacteria found on German cockroach in Beijing

Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance.German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) were sampled in five habitats (hospital, restaurant, office home, and market) in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system.Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats (market > home > office > restaurant > hospital).However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches (of either sex) were found among habitats.The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface.There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction.Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats.The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there.The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.     

以人为本,建立本质安全型企业

"安全发展"指导原则把安全生产与资源、环境放在了同等重要的位置,系统地反映了党和国家关于资源、环境、安全等方面的基本政策,体现了安全生产工作的极端重要性,体现了党中央、国务院对安全生产的高度重视,彰显出党和政府"以人为本"的执政理念.目前,全党、全社会正以这一原则为指导,全神贯注、聚精会神地投入到完成十一五发展规划,构建和谐社会的伟大事业中.作为安全生产责任主体的企业,应当充当"安全发展"思想的倡导者和践行者,在企业生产经营的管理活动中,坚持"安全第一,预防为主,综合治理"的安全生产方针,树立科学发展观和"以人为本"的理念,强化源头管理,落实人员责任,夯实安全基础,构建本质安全型企业,不断提高安全生产保障能力,实现安全生产的长治久安.