采用盐泥对直接染料废水脱色处理的研究

采用氯碱工业的含镁盐泥对直接染料废水进行脱色处理.以直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料水溶液作为模拟染料废水,考察了盐泥活化温度、盐泥用量等对脱色效果的影响,重点分析了吸附动力学特征,并对盐泥的循环再生利用进行了初步考察.经400℃煅烧活化的盐泥对直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料均有很高的脱色效果,直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种染料在盐泥吸附剂上的吸附动力学过程符合拟二级动力学方程,20 min左右时,吸附接近平衡.饱和吸附的盐泥经过煅烧后可以循环使用.研究结果为盐泥的综合利用提供了一种新途径.     

尾矿吸附模拟废水中磷的初步研究

利用尾矿为吸附剂,模拟了其对废水中磷的去除效果.结果表明,焙烧可以明显提高尾矿对模拟废水中磷的吸附,而尾矿投加量、接触时间、pH,反应温度均是影响吸附的重要因素.热活化尾矿对磷的吸附与Langmuir、 Freundlich等温方程式的拟合程度均较高,在碱性条件下,对初始质量浓度为50mg/L的模拟含磷废水,磷的去除率可达96%以上.此外,由于尾矿具有特殊的层状结构和化学活性成分,特别是热活化尾矿,对模拟废水中的磷是较好的吸附剂,可用于去除废水中磷,是尾矿作为吸附剂去除实际废水中磷的重要基础.     

Differences in the treatment efficiency of a cold-resistant floating bed plant receiving two types of low-pollution wastewater

A floating bed system vegetated with Oenanthe javanica was adopted in this study to treat two types of low-pollution wastewater (LPW): polluted river water (PRW) and treated domestic wastewater (DW). The water was treated for 111 days during the low-temperature season. The results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN) removal rates were higher in the DW groups than in the PRW groups during the initial 30 days. This difference may stem from the different C/N ratio of the influent. As the water temperature rose above 15.5 °C after March 12, the purification capability of nitrogen in the DW groups was enhanced, and the removal rates of TN were 89.8 and 76.8 % in DW and the control 2 at 111 days. Conversely, the performance of total phosphorus (TP) removal was robust during the initial stage of the experiment, despite receiving domestic wastewater with a relatively high N/P ratio (16:1). The TP removal rates in DW were as high as 91.5 % compared to 78.9 % in PRW at 30 days. At the same time, the N/P ratios of plant tissue were higher in the DW groups compared to that in the PRW groups. Plant uptake played a significant role in nutrient removal in the PRW groups (52.5 % for TN, 68.2 % for TP), followed by sedimentation. In contrast, plant uptake only accounted for 25.3 % of TN removal and 24.1 % of TP removal in DW. The results provide engineering parameters for the future design of an ecological remediation technology for LPW purification.     

环丙沙星在黄土中的吸附机制及影响因素

为了解兽药抗生素在西北黄土中的吸附行为及机制,以环丙沙星（Ciprfloxacin,CIP）为目标污染物,采用批平衡实验法研究其在黄土中的吸附动力学、吸附热力学、pH值和粒径等影响因素.结果表明：环丙沙星在黄土中的吸附可分为两个阶段,6h内表现为快速吸附,6~10h表现为慢速吸附,10h后吸附达到平衡;环丙沙星在黄土中的吸附动力学过程较符合准二级吸附动力学模型,吸附速率受颗粒内部扩散和外部液膜扩散共同影响;吸附热力学过程较符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,且吸附等温线符合L-型,表明黄土对环丙沙星的吸附受溶液中溶质和水分子共同作用影响;焓变ΔH^θ、熵变ΔS^θ和吉布斯自由能ΔG^θ均<0,表明黄土对环丙沙星的吸附是混乱度减少的自发进行的放热反应;pH=5时黄土对环丙沙星的吸附量最大,pH值为2~5时,黄土对环丙沙星的吸附量随pH值升高呈上升趋势,pH>5时,黄土对环丙沙星的吸附量随pH值升高呈下降趋势,表明强酸和碱性环境均不利于吸附;吸附量与黄土粒径呈反比,与初始浓度呈正比.由实验结果推断黄土对环丙沙星的吸附主要与有机质含量有关,主要吸附机制为环丙沙星分子中氨基的阳离子交换作用.     

污染水体重金属形态分布的化学平衡模式

研究了湘江霞湾江段重金属污染区内镉、铅和铜的形态分布化学平衡模式,该模式体系包括12种金属和12种配体,涉及134个络合反应、42个沉淀反应和2个混合固体沉淀、5个氧化-还原反应、3种金属在颗粒物上的吸附反应。模拟研究了重金属沉淀的边界和区域,实验测定了该江段河水与重金属的络合容量和络合物的条件稳定常数作为有机配体的计算参数,考察了该江段悬浮沉积物对重金属吸附的表面络合常数作为吸附反应的输入参数。计算得到了该江段不同站位镉、铅和铜的形态分布,其结果与形态分析实测和水质分析结果基本一致。     

Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment

Microplastics have caused great concern worldwide recently due to their ubiquitous presence within the marine environment. Up to now, most attention has been paid to their sources, distributions, measurement methods, and especially their eco-toxicological effects. With microplastics being increasingly detected in freshwater, it is urgently necessary to evaluate their behaviors during coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. Herein, the removal behavior of polyethylene (PE), which is easily suspended in water and is the main component of microplastics, was investigated with commonly used Fe-based salts. Results showed that although higher removal efficiency was induced for smaller PE particles, low PE removal efficiency (below 15%) was observed using the traditional coagulation process, and was little influenced by water characteristics. In comparison to solution pH, PAM addition played a more important role in increasing the removal efficiency, especially anionic PAM at high dosage (with efficiency up to 90.9%). The main reason was ascribed to the dense floc formation and high adsorption ability because of the positively charged Fe-based flocs under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles could be completely rejected, slight membrane fouling was caused owing to their large particle size. The membrane flux decreased after coagulation; however, the membrane fouling was less severe than that induced by flocs alone due to the heterogeneous nature of the cake layer caused by PE, even at high dosages of Fe-based salts. Based on the behavior exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration, we believe these findings will have potential application in drinking water treatment.     

Description of adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds on sediment using multi-component adsorption model

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长春南湖水质分析评价与污染趋势预测

本文剃用内梅罗污染指数法时2000至2010年期间长春南湖水环境质量进行了综合分析评价,选取将氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总氮、总磷、COD和BOD,作为水环境评价的主要参评参数。结果表明自2000至今南湖水体内梅罗综合指数呈现增加趋势,南湖水体污染等级处于中度污染水平,并有再次爆发水华现象的可能,因此应加大南湖水体污...     

火电厂对城市空气质量的影响模拟

运用美国ISC3复合工业源模型模拟高井发电厂大气环境影响 ,结果表明 :该厂大气污染物排放的主要影响地区在石景山西北部和门头沟东部 ,丰台西北部和海淀西北部也受到一定影响 ,对老城区影响较小。SO2 、PM1 0 和NOX 年均浓度最大值分别为 2 4 36、1 35、10 30 μg m3,分别占空气质量二级标准的 4 1%、1 35 %、13%。可见 ,高井发电厂对周边区域SO2 浓度影响较大 ,对NOX 也有一定影响 ,对PM1 0 的影响较小。     

长江三角洲顶部冰后期地层的沉积特征

钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物.沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理.表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汊道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入.根据碳化植物碎屑14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13 000 aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9 000 aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6 500 aBP.冰后期平均沉积速率约为4.9 m/ka,湖沼相3.4～6 m/ka,河流相10～15 m/ka.对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论.