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441.
Effect of surfactants on solubilization and degradation of phenanthrene under thermophilic conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be increased through the addition of surfactants. Previous studies of this nature have been conducted under mesophilic conditions. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants on solubilization and degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) in a series of batch solution experiments under thermophilic conditions. Tween 80, Triton X-100, and biosurfactants produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain P-CG3 (P-CG3) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (P. 9027) were used in this study. Surfactants effectively enhanced the solubility of PHE at 50 degrees C and the biosurfactant from P-CG3 was most effective with a 28-fold increase in apparent solubility of PHE at a concentration of 10 x critical micelle concentration (CMC) compared with the controls. However, addition of synthetic surfactants or biosurfactants inhibited the biodegradation of PHE in mineral salts medium by an isolate Bacillus sp. B-UM. Degradation of PHE diminished with increasing surfactant concentrations, and PHE degradation was completely inhibited for all the surfactants tested when the concentrations were greater than their respective CMC. The growth test suggested that Tween 80 and biosurfactants were degradable, but preferential utilization of these surfactants as substrates was not the mechanism for explaining the inhibition of PHE biodegradation. Because of the hydrophobic property of B-UM, degradation inhibition of PHE by surfactants was probably due to the reduction of direct contact between bacterial cells and PHE. 相似文献
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444.
Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xue Li Lope G. Tabil Satyanarayan Panigrahi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(1):25-33
Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened
up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However,
the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative
high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties.
In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed.
Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates,
permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface
and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites
is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved. 相似文献
445.
污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上应用的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过污泥掺烧技术在煤粉炉上的应用试验,得出污泥的含水率对锅炉制粉系统的影响.掺烧前后对炉膛温度没有大的影响,随着污泥比例的增加,燃烧效率下降,烟尘浓度和SO2浓度降低. 相似文献
446.
迄今为止,国内外有关计算构件耐火极限的方法,是钢筋混凝土构件与防火研究的主要内容。而在结构设计中,由于直接考虑的是荷载作用,为此提出了一个新概念——等效火灾荷载,将火灾对结构的影响直接考虑成荷载作用。在确定了混凝土柱的截面温度场后,利用一种简化计算方法计算出钢筋混凝土柱的等效火灾荷载,进而计算出钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限。在火灾中,作为结构最基本的构件柱可能受到单面或多面的火作用,这里仅介绍轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算。 相似文献
447.
US/Fenton试剂协同处理焦化废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用US (超声波)协同Fenton试剂氧化法处理焦化废水,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、废水的pH、反应时间和超声波功率对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,在H2O2投加量7.0 g/L;Fe2 投加量500 mg/L;pH=3.0; 反应时间 40 min; 超声波功率 600 W 的条件下,COD、NH3-N、CN-和色度的去除率分别达95.8%、71.3%、69.5%和75.2%,出水COD降至41.0 mg/L.在相同条件下,US/Fenton试剂协同法的处理效率比单独Fenton试剂氧化法的处理效率提高了约20%,且反应时间显著缩短. 相似文献
448.
449.
The discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has opened up new promises for the development of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Application of cfDNA in NIPT of fetus diseases and abnormalities is restricted by the low amount of fetal DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Fetus-derived cfDNA in maternal plasma are shorter than maternal DNA, thus leveraging the maternal and fetus-derived cfDNA molecules size difference has become a novel and more accurate method for NIPT. However, multiple biological properties such as size distribution of plasma DNA, proportion of fetal-derived DNA and methylation levels in maternal plasma across different gestational ages still remain largely unknown. Further insights into the size distribution and fragmentation pattern of circulating plasma cfDNA will shed light on the origin and fragmentation mechanisms of cfDNA during physiological and pathological processes in prenatal diseases and enhance our ability to take the advantage of plasma cfDNA as a molecular diagnostic tool. In the review, we start by summarizing the research techniques for the determination of the fragmentation profiles of cfDNA in maternal plasma. We then summarize the main progress and findings in size profiles of maternal plasma cfDNA and cffDNA. Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic applications of plasma cfDNA size profiling. 相似文献