区域旅游业内部结构的动态关系与优化对策——以赤壁市千岛湖风景区为例

旅游市场的变化可作为触发因子推动区域旅游业内部结构处于动态变化之中。对于特定的风景资源结构,一定的旅游市场结构要求一定的旅游接待服务结构与之相适应,才能产生与之相适应的旅游行为层次获得最佳经济效益。基于此,通过建立区域旅游业内部结构的对应变换关系模式,可对风景旅游区进行“诊断”,并提出治理方案和发展规划。     

环境监测在环保验收工作中的作用

为掌握建设项目污染情况,指出了环境监测工作的重要性,分析了环保验收工作的主要监测内容,提出了监测工作重点:生态环境监测机构、监测设备及标准物质,环境监测人员、监测方案、公众意见调查及信息公开等,做好全天候、多层次、立体化的环境监测工作,提升环境监测质量和效率.     

北京城区大气金属元素干湿沉降特征

为研究北京市大气中金属元素的干湿沉降特征,评估不同观测方法的差异性,于2014年5月至2015年4月在北京城区同步采集了混合沉降和湿沉降样品.利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了样品中19种金属(Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Sb、Tl、Th和U)的浓度.结果表明,混合沉降样品中各金属浓度[7 160.68μg·L~(-1)(Ca)～0.02μg·L~(-1)(Th)]普遍高于湿沉降样品[4 237.74μg·L~(-1)(Ca)～0.01μg·L~(-1)(Th)].两种样品中相同金属的富集因子差异较小,其中Cu、As、Tl、Zn、Cd、Se和Sb的富集因子均大于100,表明这些重金属主要来自人为污染源.气团轨迹分析表明,北京城区降水过程主要受偏南气团的影响,其中来自西南气团的降水样品中Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Cu、Mo、U和Th等金属浓度较高,而来自南部的气团K、Zn、Mn、Sb、Cd和Tl等金属浓度较高.观测期间大气中金属元素的混合沉降通量变化于3 591.35 mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Ca)～0.01 mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Th),湿沉降通量变化于1 847.78 mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Ca)～0.01mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Th).混合沉降与湿沉降差减得到19种金属的干沉降通量变化于1 743.57 mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Ca)～0.01mg·(m~2·a)~(-1)(Th).大气颗粒物的粒径大小对金属的干湿沉降过程具有重要影响.     

镉胁迫下稻田土壤微生物基因多样性的DGGE分子指纹分析

采用现代分子生物学技术,避开传统的分离培养过程,探讨重金属镉污染条件下稻田土壤微生物种群的基因多样性.经过直接从土壤中抽提总DNA,并对总DNA中16S rDNA及其中 V3可变区序列作PCR扩增、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析等,对镉胁迫下稻田土壤总DNA、微生物种类分布进行了初步的研究,发现不同浓度镉胁迫下稻田土壤间的菌种有明显差异,DGGE技术可以用于污染环境下微生物多样性研究.同时对DGGE分子指纹图谱的生物信息学分析作了初步尝试,为污染环境下土壤微生物多样性研究提供了新的实验方法与依据.     

Activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and P. nigra branches

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic chambers.Based on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.     

近海沉积物组份对有机物的吸附与吸附机理探讨

以大连近海沉积物主要组份碳酸钙、金属氧化物、腐殖酸和粘土矿物为沉积物模拟样品,测定该4种组份对硝基苯等4种毒性有机的吸附等温线,在此基础上建立了多组份吸附剂吸附等温模式。通过吸附热的测定,探付了4种沉积物组份吸附毒性有机物的机理,并比较了相对吸附能力大小     

基于旅游生态足迹模型的山东省旅游可持续发展评价

以生态足迹理论为基础,将旅游生态足迹引入区域旅游可持续发展评价,阐述了旅游生态足迹的概念,并构建旅游生态足迹模型,用于衡量旅游可持续发展能力。以山东省作为研究对象,对旅游生态足迹模型在大尺度区域旅游业可持续发展定量测度中的运用进行实证研究,计算其2000年-2004年的旅游生态足迹。结果表明：山东省近五年出现了不同程度的旅游生态赤字和生态压力,平均存在0.133 3 hm2/人的旅游生态赤字,旅游生态压力平均值为4.898 3,并呈现出明显的逐年递增趋势,其旅游业处于不可持续发展状态。     

厂坝铅锌矿床中钠长石岩的成因探讨

厂坝铅锌矿床中钠长石岩的产状、常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和放射性同位素等地质地球化学特征表明．该岩石为中泥盆统成矿流体在海底沉积和交代围岩形成的典型热液沉积岩——钠长石岩，其物质来自矿体的下状沉积地层柱和海水。该沉积岩在后期的强烈变质改造过程中，发生了重结晶作用。     

Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2磁性复合材料对水中单宁酸的吸附性能研究

通过简单方法制备出Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2磁性复合材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR、VSM和SEM等手段对其物理化学性质进行了表征,最后对水中单宁酸进行了吸附性能研究.结果表明,所制备复合材料上的氨基基团(N—H的特征吸收峰出现在1549.53cm-1)能够与单宁酸上的酚羟基反应,使—NH2质子化形成NH+3,并利用良好的磁性(42.5emu.g-1)使单宁酸从水中分离去除;对单宁酸的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型和拟二级吸附动力学方程;在pH=6时,基于氢键和静电吸附的协同作用,吸附能力达到最强,为85.18mg.g-1(吸附温度为25℃,吸附时间为60min).研究证实,Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2磁性复合材料与Fe3O4@SiO2和SiO2相比,对单宁酸有更好的吸附性能,同时通过外磁场可以达到固液分离的效果.     

Determination of ammonium on an integrated microchip with LED-induced fluorescence detection

A simply fabricated microfluidic device integrated with a fluorescence detection system has been developed for on-line determination of ammonium in aqueous samples. A 365-nm light-emitting diode (LED) as an excitation source and a minor band pass filter were mounted into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microchip for the purpose of miniaturization of the entire analytical system. The ammonium sample reacted with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) on-chip with sodium sulfite as reducing reagent to produce a fluorescent isoindole derivative, which can emit fluorescence signal at about 425 nm when excited at 365 nm. Effects of pH, flow rate of solutions, concentrations of OPA-reagent, phosphate and sulfite salt were investigated. The calibration curve of ammonium in the range of 0.018-1.8 μupg/mL showed a good linear relationship with R² = 0.9985, and the detection limit was (S/N = 3) 3.6 × 10^-4 μupg/mL. The relative standard deviation was 2.8% (n = 11) by calculating at 0.18 μupg/mL ammonium for repeated detection. The system was applied to determine the ammonium concentration in rain and river waters, even extent to other analytes fluorescence detection by the presented device.