Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity

The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.     

Spillover effects of yield-to-pedestrian channelizing devices

A great number of pedestrians are killed or injured in traffic crashes every year in the US. Vehicle crashes involving pedestrians are often more severe than other crashes because pedestrians are unprotected and are hence more likely to suffer injuries or death if struck by a motor vehicle. To improve pedestrian safety, a variety of treatments such as overhead flashing beacons, in-street crossing signs, in-roadway warning lights, and traffic calming measures have been used. One treatment, in-street yield-to-pedestrian channelizing devices (YTPCD), has been used in many states, including Pennsylvania, where approximately 10% of traffic crash fatalities are pedestrians each year.In an effort to improve pedestrian safety, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has widely deployed YTPCD. This study examines the spillover (indirect) effects of such devices on motorist and pedestrian behavior. With data collected from eight sites that did not have but were in the vicinity of YTPCD implementations, analysis results show that such devices have significantly positive spillover effects on pedestrian safety at intersections, but they tend to have negative spillover effects at mid-block locations. Overall, the YTPCD appear to have a positive impact on changing motorist and pedestrian behavior, and merit consideration for future usage of this type of device.     

内电解-Fenton法处理染料活性艳红X-3B降解历程的研究

选取具有典型代表性的偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B为研究对象,研究了内电解-Fenton氧化法对其处理过程中该染料的降解历程。通过紫外可见分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、高效液相色谱、离子质谱仪等分析检测仪器对反应过程中间产物的分析,并对各种谱图进行了解析,推断出了染料在内电解-Fenton氧化法处理过程中的降解反应历程。     

气体ClO_2对空气中甲醛去除效果的研究

研究高纯度气体ClO2对空气中甲醛气体的去除效果。主要考查了气体ClO2浓度、反应时间及甲醛初始浓度对甲醛去除率的影响。实验结果表明,甲醛去除率随ClO2浓度的增加而提高,当甲醛初始质量浓度为2.4 mg/m3,ClO2质量浓度达到1.8 mg/m3时,甲醛去除率达到99.5%,且甲醛的去除率随反应时间的延长而提高,但30 min后去除率趋于平稳达到99.7%;ClO2对甲醛的去除率随甲醛初始浓度的升高出现先上升后下降的趋势。     

转炉烟气净化系统中烟气的分析和量的计算

转炉煤气干法净化回收技术已被认定为转炉煤气处理技术的今后发展方向。我国在转炉煤气干法净化回收技术方面已经做了全面深入的研究,并于2006年创新性地开发出了完全适合我国转炉炼钢的转炉煤气干法净化回收系统。设计转炉煤气干法净化回收系统的第一步也是最关键的一步,就是转炉烟气的分析和烟气量的准确计算。     

江苏县域交通优势度的空间格局研究

采用《省级主体功能区域划分技术规程》的技术流程和评价方法,基于GIS技术,以交通网络密度Di、交通干线影响度Ci和区位优势度Si为指标,对江苏省62个县域单项指标和集成性指标进行测算,分析了江苏省交通优势度的空间分布特征和成因。研究发现:(1)交通优势度区域差异明显,南高北低;(2)交通优势度具有空间自相关性,高值区和低值区呈现出相对集聚镶嵌分布的空间格局,形成以沿沪宁线和沿江地区分布的高值区,沿废黄河、沿洪泽湖和沿海分布的低值区;(3)交通优势度和经济发展水平具有较强的耦合性,两者相关系数达到0.798;(4)交通优势度呈现正偏态的特征。12.1%的面积具有突出的交通优势,2.7%的面积处于交通缺乏区域,大约68%的面积处于中等或较低区域。加强低值区的交通基础设施建设,加强各县域与上海和13个省辖市的经济联系,提高江苏交通优势度,为江苏区域发展提供支撑和保障作用。     

国家《大气污染防治行动计划》健康效益评估

为了提高空气质量改善进程,2013 年国家发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》。本文基于空气污染与健康效益评估模型(BenMAP),对人口分布资料、大气污染与人体健康影响的暴露反应关系等进行了本土化修正,采用“支付意愿法”与“疾病成本法”相结合的方法,系统评估了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后,PM_2.5 污染变化引起的环境健康效益。研究结果表明,《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施将在一定程度上降低PM_2.5 环境浓度,改善环境空气质量。如果《大气污染防治行动计划》空气质量目标全面实现,可以避免城镇8.9 万居民的过早死亡,减少12 万人次住院治疗以及941 万人次的门诊和急诊病例,实现的全国健康效益约为867 亿元/ 年,说明了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施的健康有益性。本文对政府部门开展污染损失评估及制定环境健康政策具有重要的参考价值。     

Multilevel air quality evolution in Shenyang: Impact of elevated point emission reduction

Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati...     

Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

Review and prospects of mining chemical dust suppressant: classification and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mine pollution is a serious threat to the mine safe production and occupational health of miners. Chemical dust suppression can effectively...