微波消解-自动电位滴定法测定生活垃圾中的氯含量

建立用微波消解技术处理城市生活垃圾样品,以自动电位滴定法测定城市生活垃圾中的氯含量.讨论微波消解条件、自动电位滴定仪工作参数、酸度及干扰情况,并对城市生活垃圾中的氯含量进行测定,相对标准偏差＜2.5%,回收率为97%～102.5%.     

一株耐铜细菌的鉴定及富集特性的研究

从铜矿污染区的土壤中分离纯化得到一株耐铜菌株USTB-E,最高耐受浓度为560 mg/L,通过形态观察,生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析技术鉴定出此菌株为假单胞菌。该菌的最适生长温度为35℃,pH为6.0,渗透压为0.3%。为了研究该菌耐铜机理,实验对铜离子富集机理进行了动力学研究,研究结果表明,USTB-E菌对...     

絮凝剂产生菌B-7的培养条件优化及生长动力学研究

从成都市土壤中筛选分离了1株具有稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌B-7。考察了碳源、氮源、温度、培养时间、pH等多种因素对絮凝剂（MBF-7）絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明,该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为：碳源为淀粉,氮源为硫酸铵,培养时间为72 h,初始pH为7.0,温度为30℃,对0.4%高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达到91.3...     

三维电极-好氧生物法联合处理酸性染料废水模拟研究

采用电解-好氧生物法联合处理酸性大红G模拟废水,三维电解反应器填料为活性炭与玻璃珠混合物,平板电极材料为石墨,通过正交实验确定的最佳实验条件为：电解时间150min,活性炭／玻璃珠体积比为2：1,槽电压20V、pH为5、Na2SO4投加量1．5g／L,进水初始浓度2000mg／L。此时COD去除率及色度去除率分别可达49．78％和81．45％,废水BOD,／COD由0．12提高到0．42。电解后的废水采用生物接触氧化法处理12h后,出水COD为48mg／L,色度120倍,达到综合污水排放二级标准。     

The important role of microwave receptors in bio-fuel production by microwave-induced pyrolysis of sewage sludge

Microwave receptor plays an important role in the microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge in view of its significant influence on the yield and property of bio-fuel products. The yield and the chemical compositions of bio-fuels (gases and oils) obtained from sewage sludge mixed with different receptors (graphite, residue char, active carbon or silicon carbide) were investigated in this study by Gas Chromatography (GC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the use of silicon carbide gave rise to the highest final temperature of 1130 °C, resulting in the highest yield of gas fraction (up to 63.2 wt.%). The low heating rate (200 °C/min) which was attributed to the addition of residue char promoted condensation reactions and resulted in an increase in solid yield. The existence of active carbon could prolong the resistance time of volatiles in the hot zone owing to its porous structure, generating the maximum concentration of H₂ + CO (60%) in the pyrolysis gas. When graphite was used, the final low temperature favoured the cyclization of the alkenes, giving rise to a higher concentration of mononuclear aromatics in the pyrolysis oils. The model established in this study revealed that the quantity and quality of the products obtained from the microwave pyrolysis highly depended on the process conditions, which were influenced by the receptor significantly.     

Production of monoclonal antibody and application in indirect competitive ELISA for detecting okadaic acid and dinophytoxin-1 in seafood

Background, aim, and scope

Okadaic acid (OA) and analogues of dinophysistoxin (DTX) are key diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, which possibly arouse DSP symptoms by consuming the contaminated shellfish. Because of the stable toxicity in high temperature and the long-term carcinogenicity, the outbreaks of DSP related to consumption of bivalve mollusks contaminated by DSP toxins pose a hazard to public health. Therefore, it is worth developing a fast and reliable analytical method for the detection of OA and analogues in shellfish. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (icELISA) for detecting OA and DTX-1 in seafood was developed based on monoclonal antibody (McAb).

Methods

The OA was conjugated to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the active ester method as the immune antigen and the detective antigen. The spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with OA-IgG were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. A hybridoma cell line, which secreted McAb against OA, was selected by ??limiting dilution?? cloning. An icELISA was developed based on immobilized conjugate (OA-BSA) competing the McAb with the free OA in seafood sample.

Results

A hybridoma cell line, which secreted IgG1 subclass monoclonal antibody (McAb) against OA, was selected. The IC₅₀ of the McAb for OA and dinophytoxin-1 (DTX-1) were 4.40 and 3.89 ng/mL, respectively. Based on the McAb, an indirect competitive ELISA for detection of OA and DTX-1 in seafood was developed. The regression equation was y?=?54.713x???25.879 with a coefficient correlation of R ²?=?0.9729. The linear range and the limit of detection were 0.4?C12.5 and 0.45 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery of OA and DTX-1 spiked shellfish was 82.29% with the coefficient of variation of 7.67%.

Conclusion

The developed icELISA is a fast, sensitive, and convenient assay for detecting of total amount of OA and DTX-1 in seafood.     

用生命周期的方法评价铜炉渣作为铜选矿原料的环境影响

运用生命周期评价的方法,分别对铜炉渣和铜矿石回收铜的选矿过程的环境协调性进行了对比研究,得到了选矿生产过程中各工序的环境负荷数据。评价结果表明,铜炉渣的人类健康损害、生态系统损害和资源损害分别为0.20783、0.00764和0.01919,而铜矿石的分别是0.08165、0.0075和0.08857,铜炉渣生产铜的资源损害比铜矿石低,而人类健康损害和生态系统损害比铜矿石高,铜炉渣选矿生产过程每生产1 kg渣精矿的环境负荷约为铜矿石的1.32倍。随着国内铜精矿供应缺口的增大,从铜炉渣中回收铜资源将显著地提高资源利用率,有利于循环经济的发展。     

气浮/曝气生物滤池/多级过滤/离子交换工艺在印染中水回用中的应用

以宁波某印染企业印染中水回用工程为例,对已建工程进行了具体介绍和分析,探讨了气浮/曝气生物滤池(BAF)/多级过滤/离子交换工艺在印染中水回用中的应用.结果表明,在染色机清污分流的基础上,气浮/BAF/多级过滤/离子交换工艺可以成功应用于印染中水回用,同时具有良好的环境效益和经济效益.     

浸没式MBR技术在养猪场废水处理中的应用

采用浸没式MBR,并结合传统的A/O工艺处理高COD和高NH₃-N浓度的养猪场废水。结果表明,当废水处理站进水水质COD为9 100 mg/L,BOD5为3 788 mg/L,SS为4 490 mg/L,NH₃-N为450 mg/L时,出水COD<85 mg/L,BOD₅<10 mg/L,SS<5 mg/L,NH₃-N<5 mg/L,达到DB 31/199-1997一级标准。实验证明,浸没式MBR法可用于畜禽养殖业废水处理。     

给水厂与污水厂污泥制陶粒技术研究

对天津凌庄自来水厂的给水厂污泥和天津东郊污水处理厂的污水厂污泥的成分进行了分析,在此基础上根据焙烧陶粒的原理,设计了以2种污泥为原料焙烧陶粒的工艺流程。通过实验,研究了其工艺过程中的影响因素并确定了工艺参数。性能检验结果表明,添加量为30％的混合污泥陶粒,在1 140℃焙烧5 min,可得到强度标号为40 MPa的高强陶粒。因此,以2种污泥为原料烧制陶粒的处置方法可行,并能带来一定的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。得到的产品符合国标中高强陶粒的要求,可广泛应用于建筑行业中的承重结构。