Abatement of sulfur hexafluoride emissions from the semiconductor manufacturing process by atmospheric-pressure plasmas

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an important gas for plasma etching processes in the semiconductor industry. SF6 intensely absorbs infrared radiation and, consequently, aggravates global warming. This study investigates SF6 abatement by nonthermal plasma technologies under atmospheric pressure. Two kinds of nonthermal plasma processes--dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and combined plasma catalysis (CPC)--were employed and evaluated. Experimental results indicated that as much as 91% of SF6 was removed with DBDs at 20 kV of applied voltage and 150 Hz of discharge frequency for the gas stream containing 300 ppm SF6, 12% oxygen (O2), and 40% argon (Ar), with nitrogen (N2) as the carrier gas. Four additives, including Ar, O2, ethylene (C2H4), and H2O(g), are effective in enhancing SF6 abatement in the range of conditions studied. DBD achieves a higher SF6 removal efficiency than does CPC at the same operation condition. But CPC achieves a higher electrical energy utilization compared with DBD. However, poisoning of catalysts by sulfur (S)-containing species needs further investigation. SF6 is mainly converted to SOF2, SO2F4, sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxygen difluoride (OF2), and fluoride (F2). They do not cause global warming and can be captured by either wet scrubbing or adsorption. This study indicates that DBD and CPC are feasible control technologies for reducing SF6 emissions.     

Alcaligenes sp.YF11菌对杀灭菊酯的降解机理

测定了降解菌Alcaligenessp.YF11对不同浓度杀灭菊酯的降解及其降解途径。在纯培养系统中,Alcaligenessp.YF11对100mg／L的杀灭菊酯的降解符合零级动力学特征,其降解速率为2．1mg／L·h;50mg／L的杀灭菊酯在24h的降解率为87.5％;10mg／L的杀灭菊酯10h的降解率为71．0％。Alcaligenesso．YF11对杀灭菊酯的降解为矿化作用。     

Response of spinach and kidney bean plants to nitrogen dioxide

Different responses of spinach and kidney bean plants to various concentrations of NO(2) in the light and in the dark were shown. Spinach is more resistant than NO(2) than kidney bean. It is not only due to its greater tolerance to NO(2)(-) accumulated in leaves, but also to its stronger ability to metabolize NO(2)(-). The injury of spinach induced by the exposure to high concentration NO(2) in the light was not caused by the accumulation of NO(2)(-), but concerned the large amount of accumulated NH(3). The primary causes of NH(3) accumulation were that the activity of nitrite reductase was not affected by the fumigation on the one hand, and the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were inhibited on the other.     

利用Fenton试剂预处理间二硝基苯生产废水

间二硝基苯生产废水中含有大量的硝基苯类衍生物，对生物具有毒性，属难生物降解类化合物，本研究利用芬顿试剂对该废水进行处理，废水的CODCr、硝基苯含量（NB）及色度的去除率分别达到60％、88％和82％以上，废水的可生化性得到较大幅度的提高，为后续处理创造了条件。     

A model for non-specific toxicity with aquatic organisms over relatively long periods of exposure time

Experimental data have shown that the internal lethal concentrations of halobenzenes for aquatic organisms decreased with exposure time. In this paper, a model based on the concept of life expectancy reduction was developed to describe this relationship. The model was verified with experimental data for fish (Gambusia affinis) and juvenile crab (Porturius pelagicus(L)). It is proposed that long term non-specific toxicity can be measured as the reduction of the life expectancy of the exposed organism per unit internal concentration (or volume fraction) of the toxic compound. The model can be used to estimate internal lethal concentration at any given exposure period and vice versa. The model can also be used to estimate chronic values of the internal concentration, of the toxicants. It provides a useful tool for assessment of environmental risk of organic compounds in aquatic ecosystems.     

Decomposition of 2-mercaptothiazoline in aqueous solution by ozonation

This study investigates the ozonation of 2-mercaptothiazoline (2-MT). The 2-MT is one of the important organic additives for the electroplating solution of the printed wiring board industry and has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in many industrial processes. It is of concern for the aquatic pollution control especially in the wastewaters. Semibatch ozonation experiments in the completely stirred tank reactor are performed under various concentrations of input ozone. The concentrations of 2-MT, sulfate, and ammonium are analyzed at specified time intervals to elucidate the decomposition of 2-MT during the ozonation. In addition, the time variation of the dissolved ozone concentration (C(ALb)) is continuously monitored in the course of experiments. Total organic carbon (TOC) is chosen and measured as a mineralization index of the ozonation of 2-MT. The results indicate that the decomposition of 2-MT is efficient, while the mineralization of TOC is limited via the ozonation only. Simultaneously, the yield of sulfate with the maximum value of about 47% is characterized by the increases of TOC removal and ozone consumption. These results can provide some useful information for assessing the feasibility of the treatment of 2-MT in the aqueous solution by the ozonation.     

雨后入湖溪流磷污染对西湖的影响及其对策

入湖径流是西湖磷的最主要污染源，尤其是暴雨后径流的磷污染最严重，梅雨（2001年）和台风雨后径流的磷净输入为1.77t，约占西湖全年磷总沉积量的42.5%。西湖流域内土壤表土的磷含量约是母土的两倍。西湖流域内土壤表土富磷和暴雨的冲刷和淋溶是导致雨后径流磷浓度提高的主要原因。提出了几种减小和消除径流磷污染的几种方案，通过分析比较，建渠排暴雨后径流水到钱塘江是比较彻底的消除径流磷污染的措施。     

微电解-催化氧化-A/O法处理苯硫酚废水

采用微电解—催化氧化—A／O工艺处理苯硫酚生产废水，结果表明，该工艺对CODcr、石油类、挥发酚、苯、甲苯各项污染物指标均有较好的去除效果，整个工艺运行稳定。只要控制好各个处理环节，出水水质能达到国家一级排放标准。