大气红外辐射超高光谱探测仪临边探测—污染气体的反演精度和光谱通道评估

利用RFM模式,模拟计算了在研仪器—大气红外辐射超高光谱探测仪的临边探测模式下大气污染气体体积混合比的权重函数.结合仪器的可探测亮温阈值（0.3 K）,利用权重函数线性化方法,计算并分析了6种大气状态下,气体混合比廓线在不同反演精度条件下可获得的光谱通道数随切点高度的变化,并给出了可用光谱通道在不同切点高度的位置.结果表明,随着相对反演精度的降低,可用光谱通道数量增加,除热带大气外,其它5种大气在10%臭氧反演精度和5%甲烷反演精度条件下有足够的通道,可用于反演4.6 km以上的混合比廓线.CO在15%反演精度条件下,6种大气均能获得反演6.9 km以上廓线的光谱通道.近地面切点高度反演比较困难,很难获得较高的反演精度.可用光谱通道位置与气体吸收线位置特别是峰值区域一致,也与气体模拟亮温高值区一致.     

医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制策略研究

通过成本控制方法对医疗药品污染物减排,提出基于Hausman检验方法的医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制模型,促进的医疗药品污染物减排项目转型升级的同时降低成本开销,提高环境污染治理水平。构建医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制的约束参量模型,采用自适应均衡博弈控制方法进行成本控制数学建模,结合描述性统计量分析方法进行医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制的统计分析和稳健性检验,采用Hausman检验方法实现成本控制优化,促进污染物减排项目的转型优化升级。     

Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers: exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth. The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia. However, further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted. This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups: younger than 45, 45–65, and more than 65. It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers, taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area. Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index. Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined, but with a varying degree, with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45–65 years old, younger than 45 years old, and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%, 16.6%, and 12.7%, respectively. The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups. Economic conditions, living environment, health, and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase. On the other hand, development opportunities, social communication, and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages. These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers, towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.     

珠三角土地覆被资料优选及在WRF模式中的初步应用

针对WRF模式中珠三角地区土地覆被资料不准确的现况,从国内外主要的土地覆被产品中筛选与统计年鉴资料相符的产品,与模式内置的静态资料进行对比试验以评估土地覆被资料对模拟结果的影响.试验模拟的时段设为2010—2011年1、4、7、10月.结果表明:①WRF模式内置的MODIS资料在珠三角地区对于建成区高估超过3倍,而主要土地覆被遥感产品中GLC2009资料最为接近统计年鉴和调查结果值;②GLC2009土地覆被数据相比模式内置的MODIS资料,对珠三角区域地表温度、风速、相对湿度的模拟有一定改善,2 m地表气温与观测的平均偏差从0.32℃降至0.08℃;2 m水汽压平均偏差从0.31 hPa降至0.28 hPa;10 m风速平均偏差从0.59 m·s-1降至0.38 m·s-1,其中10 m风速对于土地覆被变化最为敏感;③从空间分布上看,GLC2009资料相对内置的MODIS资料,其对整个模拟区域内的温度、湿度模拟结果有所改善,并且对珠三角城市外围区域风速模拟结果的改善明显;④模拟结果的变化是由于土地覆被类型及其比例的变化直接改变了模式中地表反照率、粗糙度、植被覆盖率、植被气孔阻抗等参数的取值引起的.     

水质中总氰化物测定的试剂因素影响及试剂优化

为准确监测水质中的氰化物,依照水质中氰化物的分光光度法(HJ484-2009)、测定容量法,运用方法2异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法对其进行监测,分析了试剂配比在不同用量下对水质中总氰化物测定结果的影响,说明了总氰化物测定与试剂因素之间的联系,对试剂及测试方法进行了优化,提升了测量准确性.     

Economic structural change,renewable energy development,and carbon dioxide emissions in China

As the world’s largest emitter, China’s reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial for the achievement of global temperature rise goals. In this paper, we employed input-output structural decomposition analysis and index decomposition analysis to assess the factors driving changes in China’s CO2 emissions from 2000 to 2018, with particular attention to the role of renewable energy development. Our results indicate that the slowdown of economic growth and rapid structural change, rather than the shifting fuel mix, were the major forces driving China’s recent slowdown of CO2 emissions ever since 2011. Despite the great importance attached to renewable energy development, non-hydro renewable has played negligible role in reducing China’s CO2 emissions. This suggests that China cannot simply rely on the large-scale development of renewable energies to achieve its Paris 2015 target and must make further drastic cuts that will help keep global temperature rise well below 2 °C above pre-industrial level. Major breakthroughs in scalable low carbon energy sources and technologies will be required, especially in the developing world.

     

Using a Composite Membrane for Enhanced Sensitivity and Faster Response in On-line Membrane Extraction Microtrap Gas Chromatography

On-line membrane extraction microtrap (OLMEM) gas chromatography was used for continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. The aqueous sample flowed through tubular membrane and the VOCs selectively permeated through it. The permeated VOCs were stripped by a carrier gas and transported to a microtrap. The microtrap retained and concentrated the analytes before injecting into a GC. In this study, the performance of a composite membrane was compared with that of a conventional silicone membrane. The advantages of using the composite membrane were higher extraction efficiency and shorter response time. Extraction efficiencies as high as 95% were obtained for compounds such as toluene and trichloroethane.     

KOH活化法制备牛粪活性炭的研究

以牛粪为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,并考察了浸渍比、活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度等不同制备条件对牛粪活性炭样品性能的影响.实验结果表明,在浸渍比1∶4、KOH质量分数35%、活化时间60min、活化温度700℃条件下制备的活性炭性能最佳,制得的活性炭比表面积为979.8m2·g-1,碘吸附值可达796.37mg·g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值可达150.30mg·g-1.最后,将制备的牛粪活性炭应用于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,研究了最佳工艺条件下制备的活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜条件.结果表明,在投加量为8g·L-1时、吸附时间90min、pH值为5和较低温度的适宜条件下,自制牛粪活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量最大.     

Exposure to butylated hydroxytoluene compromises endometrial decidualization during early pregnancy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), one of the most widely used synthetic phenolic antioxidants, is a popular food additive. Previous studies have...