污泥的高温微好氧消化-厌氧消化工艺研究

城市污泥含有大量有机物和病原菌,需要稳定化处理.采用新型工艺高温微好氧与中温厌氧两级消化工艺(ATMD-MAD)处理城市污泥,与全程厌氧消化工艺(MAD)相比,不仅回收能源气体甲烷,而且缩短稳定化停留时间.55℃高温微好氧消化停留时间为2 d,后接35℃中温厌氧消化共运行24 d.结果表明,在ATMD-MAD系统中污泥的挥发性悬浮固体VSS去除率能在22 d时达到污泥稳定化要求的40%以上.ATMD-MAD工艺的单位VSS甲烷产量最高为496 mL/g VSS高于MAD工艺.在消化的前14天,可溶性挥发有机酸VFA在ATMD-MAD系统中的总量比MAD高出20%;在消化的第2天,ATMD-MAD系统中可溶性COD(SCOD)高出MAD工艺43.8%.ORP的变化反映了ATMD-MAD工艺保持了较好的厌氧状态,消化开始时的头2天限量曝气并没有给厌氧带来冲击.     

烟秸杆生物碳对铬(Ⅵ)废水的吸附动力学和热力学

以农业废弃物烟秸杆为原料,以KH2PO4为活化剂,制备了烟秸杆生物碳(简称TSC500),通过静态吸附实验研究了TSC500对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能。采用比表面积分析仪对TSC500进行了测试,实验考察了pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度和温度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响,深入研究了TSC500对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。结果表明,在pH=3、温度313 K条件下,0.2 g TSC500吸附100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),去除率和吸附容量分别达到91.32%和45.66 mg/g,Langmuir和Freundlich比Temkin等温模型更好地拟合吸附实验数据;准一级和准二级动力学模型均能较好地描述该吸附行为,相关系数高达0.99;计算得到热力学参数ΔGθ、ΔHθ和ΔSθ值表明该吸附过程为自发吸热过程。     

缺氧-曝气生物流化床工艺处理合成氨工业氨氮废水中试研究

针对江苏某合成氨工业氨氮废水水质特点,建立5 m3/d缺氧-曝气生物流化床中试系统.在进水氨氮浓度为13~170 mg/L、温度为8~32℃的条件下,中试系统出水氨氮去除率维持在65%~100%之间,平均氨氮去除率85%,亚硝酸盐积累率维持在40%~82%,系统出水氨氮指标达到《合成氨工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 13458-2013)中的直接排放标准.     

Fe0协同生物麦饭石的PRB系统井下原位处理煤矿酸性废水

针对煤矿酸性废水(AMD)具有污染组分多、危害程度严重、地面处理成本高等特点,以固定SRB污泥的生物麦饭石作为PRB活性填料,并添加Fe0构建生物-非生物协同去污的新型PRB井下原位修复系统,对AMD开展了连续动态、变负荷的模拟修复研究。实验结果表明,3个动态柱对pH均具有较强的调节能力,同时仅以麦饭石作为活性填料的PRB-3对Fe2+、Mn2+、NH3-N具有较好的去除效果,最大去除速率分别为45.77、9.23和12.10 mg/(L·d);以Fe0协同生物麦饭石的PRB-2在碳源充足时对SO42-、Fe2+、Mn2+、NH3-N最高去除速率分别为552.29、57.64、14.51和7.05 mg/(L·d),而相同条件下只以生物麦饭石作为活性填料的PRB-1对上述污染物的最高去除速率分别为446.62、57.20、10.87和3.53 mg/(L·d);应用PRB-2系统处理AMD不仅可以实现多种污染物的同步去除,还能实现无外加碳源的井下原位长效修复。     

Effects of sludge age on anaerobic acidification of waste activated sludge: Volatile fatty acids production and phosphorus release

Effects of sludge age on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and Phosphorus (P) release during anaerobic acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) fed with simulating domestic sewage were applied to produce WAS of different sludge ages, and batch tests were used for anaerobic acidification. The maximum dissolved total organic carbon, release of  ${\text{PO}}_4^{3+}?\mathrm{P}$, and accumulation of acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), and valerate (C5) decreased by 56.2%, 55.8%, 52.6%, 43.7%, 82.4% and 84.8%, respectively, as the sludge age of WAS increased from 5 to 40 days. Limited degradation of protein played a dominating role in decreasing DTOC and VFAs production. Moreover, the increase in molecular weight of organics and organic nitrogen content in the supernatant after acidification suggested that the refractory protein in WAS increased as sludge age extended. Although the production of C2, C3, C4, and C5 from WAS decreased as the sludge age increased, the proportions of C2 and C3 in VFAs increased, which might be due to the declined production of C5 from protein and the faded genus Dechlorobacter. Keeping sludge age of WAS at a relatively low level (<10 days) is more appropriate for anaerobic acidification of WAS as internal carbon sources and P resource.     

Working mechanism and experimental study of dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool

ABSTRACT

As oil and gas production gradually shifts to deep and ultra-deep formations, the pressure and complexity of stratum is increased and drilling efficiency is decreased. Based on this, a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method that can realize the different depth, diameter, and rotate speed coupling using only hole-bottom power is proposed in this paper. And a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool is designed, processed, and carried out to complete the field experiment. The tool is connected by a two-stage screw to make the rotate speed of a pilot bit higher than that of the reaming bit to increase the rate of penetration. And a concave bottom hole is formed so that the ground stress is released and the drillability of rock is lifted. Based on the introduction of the speed-up mechanism of the tool, the numerical analysis of the drilling performance of the tool with different diameter ratios and rotate-velocity combinations is completed. The experimental data showed that the Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method can obviously increase the rate of penetration and drilling efficiency, and also help to reduce the risk of stick-slip and prolong the service life of the drill bit.     

Improved overall water splitting for hydrogen production on aluminium-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst via tuned surface band bending

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Future carbon neutrality and the energy crisis are calling for advanced methods to produce sustainable fuels such as hydrogen production by photocatalytic water...     

Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L. for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation with the use of hyperaccumulating plant species to remove excess trace metals from contaminated soil and water is considered a...     

水中典型内分泌干扰物双酚A的去除技术研究进展

水中双酚A的生物毒性作用,以及其对动物和人体内分泌系统的干扰影响已引起国内外研究人员的广泛关注。通过对水体中双酚A的来源和污染特征的分析,综述了目前对水中双酚A去除技术的研究进展,指出膜分离技术将成为水中双酚A去除技术的主要研究发展方向。