扬州市农业节能减排的潜力分析

本文结合扬州市农业生产的实际,重点从化肥投入量的控减、农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的资源化再利用等三个方面,分析扬州市农业节能减排的潜力。结果表明,扬州市农业节能减排的潜力巨大,只要完善相应的节能减排措施,通过农业生产节能和农业生产废弃物的能源化利用,每年可产生330万t煤炭的节能效益。据此,提出了推进扬州市农业节能减排的对策。     

锑在水中的形态变化及除锑技术现状

介绍了锑在水中的形态变化方式,如由固态锑到离子态锑的转变、锑离子的水解、锑的生物甲基化等,阐述了含锑废水的处理技术如吸附法、沉淀法、中和法等的优缺点,并指出高效、环保、廉价除锑吸附剂的开发和对锑甲基化转化过程的探讨是今后研究的重点.     

致突变的致癌剂和非致癌剂在引发DNA股间交联上的显著差别

借碱洗脱法证明：具有致突变能力的致癌剂1,2－二溴乙烷和肼在经过代谢活化后,均剂理相关地引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。相反,动物致癌试验表现阴性的突变剂溴乙烷,以及通过各种致癌动物试验均显示阴性的传统常用致突变剂羟胺,在代谢活化以后的同样条件下均不能引起L1210细胞中DNA的股间交联。这证明了双区理论的致癌观点,即致癌剂必须是双官能烷化剂,其同时引起互补碱对的交联将引起癌变。相反,股内单一碱基的变异则可能引起致突变作用。并用APCI／SIM（大气压化学电离／选择离子质谱）证明：1,2－二溴乙烷与DNA碱基对的模型反应,与致突实验一致主要引起G－C对的交联和发生G－C→A－T突变。     

Selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution by triolein-embedded composite adsorbent

A novel composite adsorbent (CA-T) was used for the selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was composed of the supporting activated carbon and the surrounding triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption isotherms and fluorescence methods were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of CA-T. Triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate membrane and deposited on the surface of activated carbon. The adsorbent was stable in water and no triolein leakage was detected during the test periods. Some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, and heptachlor epoxide, were used as model contaminants and removed by CA-T in laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm followed the Freundlich equation and the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order reaction model. Results also indicated that CA-T appeared to be a promising adsorbent with good selectivity and satisfactory removal rate for lipophilic OCPs from aqueous solutions when present in trace amounts. The adsorption rate and removal efficiency for lipophilic OCPs were positively related to their octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(ow)). Lower residual concentrations of OCPs were achieved when compared to granular activated carbon (GAC).     

PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals, PCDD/F and PAHs in sewage sludge was investigated from six different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Beijing City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Zn in Wujiacun (WJC) sewage sludge, and Cd and Hg in sewage sludge generated from all of the six different places are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used for agriculture (GB18918-2002). The levels of 16 PAHs that have been categorized as priority pollutants by US EPA in the sewage sludge samples varied from 2467 to 25923 microg/kg (dry weight), the highest values of 25923 microg/kg being found in WJC WWTP. The concentrations of Benzo[a]pyrene were as high as 6.1mg/kg dry weight in WJC sewage sludge, exceeding the maximum permitted content by GB18918-2002. Individual PAH content varies considerably with sewage samples. The ratios of anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene (An/178), benz[a]anthracene to benz[a]anthracene plus chrysene (BaA/228), indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene plus benzo[g,h,i]perylene (In/In+BP), and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene (Fl/Fl+Py) suggest that petroleum and combustion of fossil fuel were the dominant contributions for the PAHs in sewage sludge. The concentrations of total PCDD/F in the sewage sludge ranged from 330 to 4245 pg/g d.w. The toxicity equivalent concentrations is between 3.47-88.24 pg I-TEQ according to NATO/CCMS, which is below Chinese legislation limit value proposed for land application. The PCDD/F congener/homologue profiles found in the Beijing samples indicated that the high chlorinated PCDD/F contamination might originate mainly from PCP-related source and depositional sources while the low chlorinated PCDD/F homologues could be originating from incineration or coal combustion. The major source of PCDD/Fs in Beijing sludge is still unclear.     

Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L. for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation with the use of hyperaccumulating plant species to remove excess trace metals from contaminated soil and water is considered a...     

Forest Management in Northeast China: History,Problems, and Challenges

Studies of the history and current status of forest resources in Northeast China have become important in discussions of sustainable forest management in the region. Prior to 1998, excessive logging and neglected cultivation led to a series of problems that left exploitable forest reserves in the region almost exhausted. A substantial decrease in the area of natural forests was accompanied by severe disruption of stand structure and serious degradation of overall forest quality and function. In 1998, China shifted the primary focus of forest management in the country from wood production to ecological sustainability, adopting ecological restoration and protection as key foci of management. In the process, China launched the Natural Forest Conversion Program and implemented a new system of Classification-based Forest Management. Since then, timber harvesting levels in Northeast China have decreased, and forest area and stocking levels have slowly increased. At present, the large area of low quality secondary forest lands, along with high levels of timber production, present researchers and government agencies in China with major challenges in deciding on management models and strategies that will best protect, restore and manage so large an area of secondary forest lands. This paper synthesizes information from a number of sources on forest area, stand characteristics and stocking levels, and forest policy changes in Northeastern China. Following a brief historical overview of forest harvesting and ecological research in Northeast China, the paper discusses the current state of forest resources and related problems in forest management in the region, concluding with key challenges in need of attention in order to meet the demands for multi-purpose forest sustainability and management in the future.     

Non-carcinogenic risks induced by metals in drinking source water of Jiangsu Province, China

In this study, we investigated the levels of eight metallic elements in source water of 40 tap water treatment plants (TWTPs) located along Yangtze River, Taihu Lake and Huaihe River in the section of Jiangsu Province, China during 2007?C2009 and assessed the non-carcinogenic risks induced by the metals. Among the metals, Fe had the highest concentration (121.5 ??g L^???1) and Pb contributed most (32.4%) to the average hazard index (HI) of 40 TWTPs, followed by Cd (24.7%) and Cr (21.6%). The average concentration of each metal was below the permissible limit of China and USA except for Pb. Both hazard quotients of individual metals and HI of total non-carcinogenic risk in each TWTP were lower than 1.0, suggesting that these pollutants posed negligible hazards to public health of local residents. Temporal and spatial comparisons showed that high HIs occurred more frequently in low water seasons, and the three TWTPs located along Huaihe River (Dongtai, Jinhu and Yishuichang) had relatively higher HIs.     

饱和砂土循环液化模式影响因素试验研究∗

通过室内试验探讨了振动频率、骨架相对密实度、填料含量及成分对砂土循环液化强度及液化模式的影响。 针对相对密实度分别为 35%、50% 和 80% 的砂骨架中添加 0%、5%、8%、10%、15% 和 20% 等不同质量的填料(粉土、粉质黏土)进行了循环扭剪试验,循环加载频率为 0.1、1 Hz。结果表明：砂土循环液化模式与振动频率密切相关,振动频率较高时,呈现显著的软化特征和流滑现象,振动频率较低时,呈现剪胀和循环活动性;循环液化模式与骨架相对密实度密切相关,填料含量及填料成分对动强度具有较显著的影响,但填料含量在一定范围内并不影响循环液化模式,填料成分对循环液化模式产生一定影响。