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591.
Existence of inert biomass and its impact on biomass accumulation patterns and biofilter performance were investigated. Four biofilters were set up in parallel to treat gaseous toluene. Each biofilter operated under different inlet toluene loadings for 100 days. Two microbial growth models, one with an inert biomass assumption and the other without, were established and compared. Results from the model with the inert biomass assumption showed better agreement with the experimental data than those based on the model without the inert biomass assumption thus verifying that inert biomass accumulation cannot be ignored in the long-term operation of biofilters. According to the model with an inert biomass assumption, the ratio of active biomass to total biomass will decrease and the inert biomass will become dominant in total biomass after a period of time. Filter bed structure simulation results showed that the void fraction is more sensitive to biomass accumulation than the specific surface area. The final void fraction of the biofilters with the highest inlet toluene loading is only 67% of its initial level while the final specific surface area is 82%. Identification and quantification of inert biomass will give a better understanding of biomass accumulation in biofilters and will result in a more exact simulation of biomass change during long-term operations. Results also indicate that an ideal biomass control technique should be able to remove most inert biomass while simultaneously preserving as much active biomass as possible. 相似文献
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Environmental heterogeneity analysis,assessment of trophic state and source identification in Chaohu Lake,China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yu H Xi B Jiang J Heaphy MJ Wang H Li D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1333-1342
Introduction
Environmental heterogeneous methods were used for analysing data sets of trophic state with 11 parameters measured at 12 different sites at Chaohu Lake for the period 2004 to 2006. The aim of this research was to determine spatial/temporal variations in water quality, to assess trophic state and to identify pollution sources. Protective measures and schemes were proposed to improve water quality in the lake. 相似文献595.
Wang Q Wang L Chen X Rao KM Lu SY Ma ST Jiang P Zheng D Xu SQ Zheng HY Wang JS Yu ZQ Zhang R Tao Y Yuan J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):987-996
Background
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in industrial and diverse consumer products. Animal studies indicate DEHP caused developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicities. However, human studies of the potential effects of DEHP are limited.Methods
The exposed site with a history of over 20 years of waste plastic recycling was located in Hunan Province, China. The reference site without known DEHP pollution source was about 50 km far away from the exposed site. In this study, 181 workers working in plastic waste recycling and 160 gender?Cage matched farmers were recruited. DEHP concentrations in water and cultivated soil samples, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-hydroxy-2??-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei frequency in human capillary blood lymphocytes were analyzed.Results
Mean levels of DEHP were greater in environment at the recycling site than at reference site (industry wastewater for the exposed: 42.43 ??g/l; well water: 14.20 vs. 0.79 ??g/l, pond water: 135.68 vs. 0.37 ??g/l, cultivated soil: 13.07 vs. 0.81 mg/kg, p?0.05 for all). The workers had higher median levels of MDA (3.80 vs. 3.14 nmol/ml) and urinary 8-OHdG (340.37 vs. 268.18 ??mol/mol creatinine) and decreased SOD activities (112.15 vs. 123.82 U/ml) than the reference group (p?0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis revealed that the history of working in waste plastic recycling was an independent risk factor for the increased urinary 8-OHdG levels in the male workers (p?0.01).Conclusions
The occupational DEHP exposure might contribute to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the male workers. 相似文献596.
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巯基功能化13X分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)对13X分子筛表面进行修饰,采用XRD和FT—JR测试方法对功能化前后的分子筛结构进行表征,结果表明,功能化后分子筛在保持原有结构同时表面还接枝了对Ph^2+离子有吸附能力的巯基基团。吸附实验表明,巯基功能化分子筛对水中Ph^2+离子比原分子筛具有更强的吸附去除效果,饱和吸附容量和去除率提高近一倍。SH-13X对Ph^2+离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附容量为47.01mg/g,吸附强度b为2.26。动力学分析表明SH-13X对Ph^2+离子的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,而且粒内扩散不是该吸附过程的主要吸附机制。溶液中的Ph“与嫁接在分子筛表面及孔口位置的-SH功能团形成配位络合物而去除。 相似文献
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鳙幼鱼游泳能力和游泳行为的研究与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用自制的鱼类游泳实验装置,采用递增流速法,研究了鳙幼鱼游泳能力和游泳行为。结果表明:鳙标准代谢率SMR实际测定值为18727±545 mgO2/(kg·h),方程拟合值为18281mgO2/(kg·h),实测值与拟合值接近;鳙耗氧率MO2与游泳速度U的拟合方程为MO2=18281+3983 U1.30,耗氧率幂函数方程中U的幂值为130,U的幂值越小游泳效率越高,说明鳙游泳效率较高;鳙临界游泳速度Ucrit为457±056 BL/s,与青鱼近似;鳙疲劳后的耗氧率迅速降低,在疲劳后45~60 min时耗氧率恢复到标准代谢率。鳙EPOC值为10716 mgO2/kg,说明鳙运动疲劳后的恢复能力较高;运动耗能COT与游泳速度相关关系曲线中,在4~6 BL/s时COT较低,说明此时鳙的能量利用效率较高,拟合方程为COT=664 U-1+131 U0.34;通过实验测定,鳙摆尾率TBF和游泳速度相关关系拟合方程为TBF=202+053 U。研究可为鱼道设计提供参考,对鳙保护具有指导意义 相似文献