温度对改性矿物吸附剂脱除气态汞影响

以蛭石、丝光沸石、膨润土及经改性后各物质为吸附剂,N2气氛下,在固定床实验台上进行了对烟气中单质汞脱除的实验研究,主要考察了温度的改变对改性矿物吸附剂脱除气态汞的影响。研究结果显示,膨润土、蛭石对汞的吸附基本不受温度的影响;未改性的吸附剂对汞的吸附能力均比较差;温度的提高有利于改性吸附剂对单质汞的脱除,说明改性后的吸附剂的脱汞过程以化学吸附为主;真正起作用的活性组分CeO2占据了丝光沸石的大部分表面积和空隙;丝光沸石经CuO改性前后吸附能力几乎未发生变化。     

钒基活化液增活V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂的实验研究

基于催化剂在线增活工艺,以火电厂运行条件下的典型钒钛类失活催化剂为原料,采用单因素变量法展开了钒基活化液各成分对失活催化剂增活效果的研究,对活化液增活后的催化剂进行活性评价及SEM、BET、FT-IR和XRD等分析,考察增活前后NO转换率、催化剂表面形貌及结构的变化情况。研究结果表明,在实验条件下,随着4种活性成分含量的增加,催化剂增活后NO转换率均呈现先升高后降低的规律,NO转换率最高达99%,且增活后催化剂表面活性成分增加,Brnsted酸性位增多,比表面积增加,对烟气具有较强适应力。     

鄱阳湖主要入湖口重金属的分布及潜在风险评价

于2011年5月在鄱阳湖的主要入湖口采集了水样和表层沉积物,测定并分析了其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 4种重金属元素的含量和分布。同时采用地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和生态毒性效应等评价方法对沉积物中重金属的污染状况进行了分析评价。结果显示：鄱阳湖主要入湖口水体重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均符合国家渔业水质标准要求,除修河的Pb和信江、饶河入湖口的Cd含量属于国家地表水Ⅱ类水质外,其它所有样地的4种重金属含量均低于国家地表水I类标准限值。沉积物中4种重金属含量均超过鄱阳湖相应背景值且呈积累富集的趋势,其中信江入湖口、饶河入湖口以及三江口已受到重金属的严重污染,潜在生态危害均为中等,而污染最轻的区域为南主湖区。揭示重金属污染程度顺序为Cu＞Zn＞Pb＞Cd;单个重金属潜在生态风险顺序为Cd＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn。进一步的生态毒性效应评价结果表明,虽然鄱阳湖主要入湖口沉积物已经受到重金属污染,但对多数底栖生物未产生明显毒害     

Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor and regional integration analysis to characterize organic matter humification

The present several humification indexes cannot provide the whole fluorescence information on organic matter composition and the evaluation results from them are inconsistent sometimes. In this study, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis and fluorescence regional integration analysis were utilized to investigate organic matter humification, and the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model was applied to form a suitable index for overcoming the difficulties in multi-index evaluation. The result showed that the ratio between the volume of humic- and fulvic-like fluorescence region and the volume of protein-like fluorescence region not only revealed the heterogeneity of organic matter, but also provided more accurate information on organic matter humification. In addition, the results showed that the PPC model could be used to characterize integrally the humification, and the projected characteristic value calculated from the PPC model could be used as the integrated humification evaluation index.     

碱熔融活化固硫灰制备地聚合物

采用碱熔融活化法,由固硫灰制备地聚合物。在前期开展的单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验,考察了NaOH和固硫灰的质量比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间3个因素对固硫灰基地聚合物的抗压强度的影响。采用XRD,SEM,IR等手段分析固硫灰碱熔融活化前后的物相、微观形貌以及硅铝化学键的变化。实验结果表明,以在NaOH与固硫灰的质量比为0.60、煅烧温度为550 ℃、煅烧时间为60 min的条件下制备的碱熔融固硫灰为原料,制备的固硫灰基地聚合物的抗压强度为38.00 MPa。表征结果显示：通过碱熔融活化固硫灰制备的地聚合物的XRD谱图中出现了地聚合物的特征衍射峰;碱熔融固硫灰的结构松散,在颗粒表面及内部存在大量孔隙;经碱熔融处理后固硫灰的硅酸盐和铝酸盐发生了解聚。     

Immobilization of Cd in landfill-leachate-contaminated soil with cow manure compost as soil conditioners: A laboratory study

Introducing cow manure compost as an amendment in landfill-leachate-contaminated soils is proved to be an effective technique for the immobilization of Cd in this study. Landfill-leachate-contaminated soil was collected from an unlined landfill in China and amended with a different blending quantity of cow manure compost (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 g per 200 g soil), which was made by mixing cow manure and chaff at a ratio of 1/1 and maturing for 6 months. pH values of five different blending quantity mixtures increased by 0.2–0.4, and the organic matter levels increased by 2.5–7%, during a remediation period of 5 weeks. Four fractions of Cd named exchangeable Cd, reducible Cd, oxidizable Cd, and residual Cd in soil were respectively analyzed by a sequential extraction procedure. Introducing the cow manure compost application resulted in more than 40% lower exchangeable Cd but a higher concentration of oxidizable Cd in soils, and mass balance results showed nearly no Cd absorption by applied material, indicating that transformation of exchangeable Cd into oxidization forms was the main mechanism of Cd immobilization when cow manure compost was used as an amendment. The Pearson correlation showed that increasing of pH values significantly improved the efficiency of Cd immobilization, with a correlation coefficiency of 0.940 (p < 0.05). This is the first attempt at heavy metal immobilization in landfill-leachate-contaminated soil by cow manure compost, and findings of this work can be integrated to guide the application.

Implications: Addition of cow manure compost (CMC) was effective in reducing exchangeable Cd in landfill-leachate-contaminated soils (LLCS). The immobilization effect of Cd was mainly assigned to the redistribution of labile soil Cd. Organic matter (OM) and pH value increased with CMC application. The pH values were more sensitive to Cd immobilization efficiency. It was proved that CMC can be safely and effectively used for the restoration of LLCS.     

以堇青石和二氧化钛为载体脱硝催化剂性能

采用改性堇青石和锐钛型二氧化钛为载体,以偏钨酸氨为WO3(助剂)的前驱体,以偏钒酸铵为V2O5(活性组分)的前驱体,通过混合、挤出、干燥和煅烧等工艺制备出蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂,采用N2-吸附仪(BET)、X-射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、模拟烟气活性分析装置和磨损装置,再通过催化剂样品的吸水率和收缩率对比分析。考察催化剂样品的比表面积、晶相结构、耐磨损性能、脱硝活性及其吸水率和收缩率变化。结果表明,以10%堇青石和二氧化钛为载体制备出的催化剂比表面积大,晶相结构以堇青石和锐钛矿型二氧化钛为主,其磨损率低,吸水率和收缩率变化小,脱硝率在80%以上时,与商业催化剂相比,反应温度窗口从300～400℃拓宽为250～460℃。     

氮掺杂TiO2对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

以四氯化钛、尿素为原料,采用简单的溶胶-凝胶法制得了氮掺杂TiO2,其比表面积(BET)为106.48 m2/g.系统研究了该吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.结果表明,对于初始浓度为100 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,吸附剂用量为5 g/L,在pH=5时,25℃下吸附180 min即能达到满意的吸附效果,其吸附效率可达97％以上.氮掺杂TiO2对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,升高温度,平衡吸附量增大;在温度为55℃时,Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量高达29.906 mg/g.吸附动力学可用拟二级速率方程很好地描述.氮掺杂后TiO2的吸附能力比纯TiO2明显增强.即对于Cr(Ⅵ),氮掺杂TiO2是一种优良吸附剂.此外,从氮掺杂TiO2吸附Cr(Ⅵ)前后的FTIR图可知,氮掺杂TiO2吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的过程中,N-H键参与了吸附过程.由于氮掺杂TiO2制备简单、原料廉价易得、吸附Cr(Ⅵ)效果良好,故可用于工业化生产.     

进口高效菌用于青藏铁路污水处理应急保障的可行性研究

青藏铁路沿线污水处理安全运营保障体系中,应急状态下需要大量的接种备用活性污泥。在实验室研究基础上,考察了进口高效菌低温低压条件下对污染物的处理能力,最后将其应用到拉萨污水处理厂实际工程。实验室研究及实际对比实验结果表明,高效菌在低温低压下的处理性能和青藏高原实际的活性污泥性能基本相当,如与微生物固定化技术结合使用,可大大增加强化生化处理的效果。进口高效菌具有微生物活性高、培养时间短、保存携带方便,能快速提升生化系统处理能力的优点,可满足青藏线污水处理设施应急状态下处理能力快速提升和安全稳定运行的需要。