自然型氨基酸及其钾盐的 CO2吸收和再生特性

在CO2吸收过程中,选择具有不挥发和不发生氧化降解特性的氨基酸盐吸收剂有助于降低吸收剂损失和减轻环境污染风险,故本研究以CO2吸收速率和再生速率为指标,对L-精氨酸和精氨酸钾（PA）吸收剂的CO2吸收性能和常压下热再生性能进行了实验分析,并研究了吸收剂质量分数、反应温度及吸收-再生循环次数对CO2吸收特性的影响,同时还与乙醇胺（MEA）、二乙醇胺（DEA）和三乙醇胺（TEA）进行了对比分析.结果表明,在实验的质量分数范围内,PA具有最高的CO2吸收速率和吸收能力,分别为24.5×10-3mol.（L.min）-1和1.99 mol.mol-1,比相同质量分数的MEA高2.1%和290.2%.温度影响结果表明,40℃时PA和MEA的CO2吸收速率均高于其他实验温度.相同再生条件下,PA的贫液CO2负荷要略高于MEA,但PA的再生程度可达72.8%,比MEA高19%.同时,3次＂吸收-再生＂循环之后,10%PA的CO2吸收能力仍可保持在1.03mol.mol-1,比10%MEA高255.2%.实验结果也表明,L-精氨酸具有较强的CO2吸收能力,其CO2吸收速率与同质量分数的DEA可比.     

基于AnnAGNPS模型四岭水库小流域氮磷流失特征的模拟研究

采用流域尺度的农业非点源污染模型——AnnAGNPS模拟预测苕溪流域四岭水库小流域氮磷流失情况,分析氮磷流失空间分布特征.结果表明,单位面积总氮、总磷流失量在空间分布上有一定的相似性,均呈现出南部大于北部,西部高于东部的特点.以竹林地为主的林地是氮磷输出的最主要来源,其对氮、磷流失总量的贡献率在90%以上.设定不施肥处理(CK)、适地养分管理(SSNM)、当地高产竹农普遍采用的施肥方法(FFP)这3种施肥方式对林地主要植被类型竹林进行情景分析,模拟结果表明,与FFP相比,SSNM在一定程度上减少了氮磷输出,其中溶解性氮和颗粒态氮流失量分别削减8.17%、4.33%,溶性磷和颗粒态磷流失量依次减少9.08%、1.02%.     

镧改性沸石活性覆盖控制重污染河道底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵释放研究

通过实验考察了镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附性能,并探讨了低溶解氧情况下镧改性沸石覆盖控制底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮释放的效率.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir等温吸附方程加以描述,对水中铵的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附方程加以描述.当pH 7时,镧改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的机制包括配位体交换、路易斯酸碱反应和静电吸引,吸附水中铵的机制是阳离子交换.镧改性沸石覆盖不仅可以有效地控制溶解性磷酸盐从底泥向上覆水的释放,而且可以明显降低铵态氮从底泥向上覆水迁移的速率.镧改性沸石覆盖量越多,控制底泥铵态氮释放的效果越好.镧改性沸石覆盖层吸附从底泥中释放出来的溶解性磷酸盐后主要以较为稳定的形态存在,低溶解氧情况下不容易重新释放出来.上述结果表明,镧改性沸石适合作为一种覆盖材料用于控制低溶解氧情况下溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮从底泥向上覆水的释放.     

水环境中典型纳米颗粒对菲的吸附特征

以典型三环多环芳烃菲为代表,选取11种典型纳米颗粒对水中不同浓度的菲进行吸附实验,探究水体中的纳米颗粒对菲的吸附特征.结果表明,Freundlich模型对所有样品的拟合结果最好.logKFr值显示,有机膨润土及3种炭黑对菲的吸附作用最强,且远远大于其他纳米颗粒.有机膨润土对菲的吸附表现为线性吸附(n=1.08),而3种炭黑均表现出显著的非线性特征(n＜0.5),且非线性特征随吸附能力的增强而增强,其他几种纳米颗粒均表现出非线性吸附特征(n＜0.9).水中所有的纳米颗粒在与菲作用的过程中,吸附的强弱与颗粒表面电位、粒径及比表面积均无显著相关性,即对于所有纳米颗粒来说,这几种性质并不是决定吸附作用的最主要因素,而吸附剂的化学组成及结构特性可能是引起吸附作用差异的主要原因.     

水解酸化工艺的研究现状与发展趋势

水解酸化工艺对各类有机物的去除率较高,可处理高浓度、难降解废水,运行费用低,在处理纺织印染、化工、造纸废水等领域发挥了重要作用。目前研究主要集中在处理复杂污染物、工艺参数优化、机理及动力学。其发展趋势大致有:与其他工艺结合,深入研究降解机理、探索微生物菌群等。     

悬浮膜(CFM)分离技术在油田废水处理中的应用

应用微电解等技术对油田废水进行预处理,然后用悬浮膜进行分离,使其中的油、微生物和固体物与水相分离,使其达到回注用水要求。重点对CFM分离设备的结构及原理加以介绍,以期推进过滤技术的进步,提高油田废水的处理水平。     

Influences of perfluorooctanoic acid on the aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs.     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

昆钢制氢站二次净化系统的优化改进

针对昆钢动力能源分公司制氢站建成投产后出现的环保污染和所带来的生产运行问题,对制氢系统原装置技术存在问题进行分析,提出优化改进方案,并对实施后的效果、环境效益、经济效益等进行分析。优化方案的实施彻底解决了制氢站建成后产生的环保污染问题。     

快速溶剂萃取技术(ASE)在水环境监测中的比较研究及展望

萃取技术是一种样品前处理方法,可以用于水环境等领域的监测。其中较为受推崇的主要是快速萃取技术和固相萃取技术。本文通过快速萃取技术原理的简单分析,重点将其与传统的几种萃取技术进行了比较,并对未来的发展趋势作了简要展望。