好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构

使用传统的培养方法和PCR-DGGE技术对好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构进行了研究.分别采用园林垃圾和餐厨垃圾作为堆肥原料,进行了20d好氧堆肥.高温期(≥50℃)持续了10d和8d.分别对2堆体高温期样品进行稀释平板混菌培养,真菌总数和放线菌总数均分别呈"降低-升高"和"升高-降低-升高"的趋势.同时提取微生物总DNA.分别使用真菌引物对(GC-NS7/NS8)和放线菌引物对(F243/GC-R513)从总DNA中成功扩增得到目标产物,对目标产物进行DGGE分离.传统培养法和DGGE图谱结果显示,不同堆体高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌均表现出相似的变化规律,嗜热真菌优势菌比嗜热放线菌明显,但菌群总数比嗜热放线菌少.聚类分析结果表明,堆肥高温期嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌分别以升温时56℃和58℃为界,分成2个明显的变化阶段,每阶段内部聚类关系较近.阶段间关系较远.温度对高温期真菌和放线菌具有明显的筛选作用.     

长江口海域黄色物质光吸收特性

研究了长江口海域黄色物质(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM浓度、光谱斜率Sg及其与盐度的关系,最后探讨了研究海域CDOM的来源.结果表明:长江口表层水CDOM的吸收系数α(440)变化范围为1.152～8.751 m-1 ,平均为4.9282 m-1,Sg值的范围分别为0.0034～0.014 nm-1,平均值为0.0168 nm-1,盐度与α(440)线性相关性明显(R2 = 0.9952).长江口区黄色物质的来源为长江径流.     

燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置技术研究与设计

分析了燃油加热炉烟尘的特点,研究并论述了燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置应采取的技术措施、性能特点及结构原理等。依据该研究设计的燃油加热炉清洁装置已在输油管道加热炉上应用并已取得了显著效果。     

Effect of rhizosphere on soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene biodegradation

To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did.     

Performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen

In this study, three sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) were operated for 155 days to evaluate the performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen (DO). Synthetic wastewater with 160-mg NH4 ⁺-N/L was fed into the reactors. In the continuously-aerated reactor, the efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 80% and 70%, respectively, with DO between 0.8–1.0 mg/L. Whereas in the intermittently-aerated reactor, at the aeration/non-aeration ratio of 1.0, ammonium was always under the detection limit and 86% of TN was removed with DO between 2.0–2.5 mg/L during the aeration time. Results show that CANON could be achieved in both continuous and intermittent aeration pattern. However, to achieve the same nitrogen removal efficiency, the DO needed in the intermittently-aerated sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) during the aeration period was higher than that in the continuously-aerated SBBR. In addition, the DO in the CANON system should be adjusted to the aeration mode, and low DO was not a prerequisite to CANON process.     

产絮凝剂微生物的制备及其絮凝成分分析

取北京某污水处理厂的活性污泥,经过富集培养、分离纯化和筛选,得到5株具有较好絮凝效果的菌株,选取具有代表性的MB-5进行提纯,得到微生物絮凝剂晶体样品MBF-5,通过透射电镜、紫外、红外及多糖含量分析等途径对其进行成分分析,结果显示MBF-5是一种以多糖为主的高分子絮凝剂.     

昆船污水处理站微孔曝气池的启动研究

昆明船舶公司生活区污水处理站采用改进型的A2/O工艺,直接利用其生活污水培养污泥,并随时观察和分析工艺中的微孔曝气池运行状况。结果表明:采用自然培菌的方法,通过近3个半月的污泥培养,顺利实现微孔曝气池的启动。其中,COD、NH3-N的去除变化反映了曝气池启动的进程,至曝气池启动结束,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到了78.4%、75.7%。     

宁波育王山山前断层几何结构及新活动时代

根据1:10000条带状地质填图所获资料,分析了育王山山前断层的几何结构和新活动时代.断层北起岙张水库大坝东北,向南经河头蕉-竺家-陈家-钱家-俞家-王家一线以西,止于詹家西南,由2条次级段呈羽列式展布,北段为岙张水库-红岩水库段,南段为红岩水库东南-詹家段.剖面上断层地貌显示清楚,西侧为侏罗系构成的育王山低山,东侧为大楔盆地.各条断层皆由多个断面构成宽几米～几十米的断层带.根据探槽、天然剖面特征和OSL、ESR样品年龄测试结果综合分析,断层至少有两期活动,早期活动性质为逆断层,时间为早更新世,晚期活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断或逆断层,时间为中更新世,最新活动时代为中更新世晚期.通过探槽揭露,确定育王山山前洪积扇陡坎是人类活动造成,而非断层陡坎.     

我国对外来物种互花米草的研究进展与展望

互花米草是1979年我国从美国引进的外来物种,自引进之后,互花米草在我国沿海分布广泛,对我国沿海环境产生了一定的影响,也引起了我国学者对互花米草进行了广泛系列的研究,得出了一系列有益的成果.我国学者对互花米草的研究从引种栽培、生物学特征、开发利用、环境影响等多方面进行了研究,对引进互花米草对生态环境影响的利弊进行了分析总结,对以后的研究重点方向进行了展望,这对我国更加科学合理地开发利用这一外来物种以及进一步明确以后的研究方向具有一定的指导意义.     

海水养殖对生物多样性的影响研究进展

近年来,海水养殖对全球海水产品供应的贡献持续增加,但是海水养殖对海洋和沿海生物多样性以及海洋资源可持续利用产生的不利影响,已经引起国内外海洋、环境等领域科学家和大众的广泛关注.海水养殖对生物多样性的影响一般包括在海岸带地区建设养殖场对海域或土地生物多样性的影响,对为维持养殖生产活动所需的超量海域的生物多样性的影响,海水养殖残饵、代谢物污染及养殖生物外逃对海洋生态系生物多样性的影响等方面.本文首先综述了上述影响,并展望了我国海水养殖业生物多样性保护的管理对策,以期为海水养殖业可持续发展、海洋资源可持续利用和生物多样性保护提供参考.