Adsorption of Pb, Cd to Fe, Mn oxides in natural freshwater surface coatings developed in different seasons

Metal oxides( Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role n the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface oatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons,was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions( mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic trength 0.05 mol/L, 25~C and pH 6.0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb nd Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and btained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation nalyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb hase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn xides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for b and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced.     

Variations of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Laogang Landfill

Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox-relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane-production/sulfate-reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank‘s indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.     

Degradation of H-acid in aqueous solution by microwave assisted wet air oxidation using Ni-loaded GAC as catalyst

A novel process, microwave assisted catalytic wet air oxidation( MW-CWO), was applied for the degradation of H-acid( l-amino8-naphthol-3, 6-disulfonic acid) in aqueous solution, Ni-loaded granular activated carbon (GAC), prepared by immersion-calcination method, was used as catalyst. The results showed that the MW-CWO process was very effective for the degradation of H-acid in aqueous solution under atmospheric pressure with 87.4% TOC (total organic carbon) reduction in 20 min. Ni on GAC existed in the form of NiO as specified by XRD. Loss of Ni was significant in the initial stage, and then remained almost constant after 20 min reaction. BET surface area results showed that the surface property of GAC after MW-CWO process was superior to that of blank GAC.     

Upstream-downstream cooperation approach in Guanting Reservoir watershed

A case study is introduced and discussed concerning water dispute of misuse and pollution between up- and down-stream parts. The relations between water usage and local industrial structures are analyzed. Results show it is important to change industrial structures of the target region along with controlling water pollution by technical and engineering methods. Three manners of upstream-downstream cooperation are presented and discussed based on the actual conditions of Guangting Reservoir watershed. Two typical scenarios are supposed and studied along with the local plan on water resources development. The best solution for this cooperation presents a good way to help the upstream developing in a new pattern of eco-economy.     

杉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

研究了杉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响。结果显示,一定量的杉木粉对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长具有明显的抑制作用。杉木粉用量为0 .5g/L时,3d后对藻密度为2 .88×10 6 和6.0 8×10 6 /L的塔玛亚历山大藻的抑制率高达80 %。提示杉木粉可能是一种潜在的可有效控制赤潮的新材料。     

大型海藻栽培及其在近海环境的生态作用

作为重要自然资源的大型海藻可食用、作为饲料、工业原料和有机肥料,是具有较高价值的商品。因此,世界上许多国家都在大力发展大型海藻栽培业。当前,近海水域营养超负荷是世界上普遍存在的环境问题。一些栽培的大型海藻,生产力很高,在生长过程中可大量吸收N、P营养物质,是海洋环境中重要的生物过滤器。此外,大型海藻在碳循环研究、赤潮控制和维持健康的复合养殖系统方面也有很重要的作用,是非常重要的生态环境材料。为保障近海水安全和生态系统健康,大规模栽培大型海藻是重要的生态对策。     

自然环境试验及评价技术的进展

对自然环境试验技术体系划分成5个部分,并分别对各部分的国内外现状及发展动态及进展进行分析。这5个部分包括：环境监测和分析技术、环境试验技术、性能检测及环境失效分析技术、试验及评价标准化技术、试验信息资源综合应用技术。对自然环境试验技术各邵分与发达国家的差距进行系统比较,为促进我国自然环境试验技术及其应用的发展提出相应对策。     

UASB启动过程中污泥颗粒化的形成机制

以好氧消化污泥接种启动UASB反应器过程大致分为三个阶段:适应驯化阶段、颗粒污泥的形成阶段和成熟阶段。反应器的容积负荷由0.56 g COD/L/d逐渐增加到4.4 g COD/L/d,溶解性COD的去除率80%。扫描电镜观察培养的颗粒污泥以丝状菌为主。     

东湖沉积物中色素的环境意义研究

介绍了用紫外可见分光光度法测定东湖沉积物中几种指示色素含量的方法及各色素所代表的环境意义,探讨了近百年来东湖地区的环境演化历程。结果表明,近二十多年来,随着该地区工业的发展和人口的大量聚集,东湖已呈现严重的富营养化态势。     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的铅、镉

用微波消解土壤,然后电热板加热驱酸的方法对土壤样品进行前期处理,并与标准法相比较,克服了标准法中湿法溶样的缺点,该法溶样完全、简便快速、消耗试剂量少,相对标准偏差均小于4.8%,回收率分别在96.1%~102.3%和94.0%~98.7%之间,具有较好的精密度和较高的回收率。