内蒙古乌海热电厂水源地地下水资源量评价

在分析勘察区水文地质条件的基础上,用水量均衡法计算了该区地下水的补给量和排泄量,结果为负均衡。水源地开采后水源主要来源于黄河激发补给量,抽水试验和数值模拟表明黄河激发补给量为3.45×10⁴m³/d。根据水位预测,水源地开采20年后和不利水文、气象条件下连续开采2年,水位下降值均不及含水层厚度的1/10,说明水源地开采量3×10⁴m³/d是有保证的,可以满足电厂供水要求。     

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh,North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and δ¹³C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, artemisia schrenkiana flat, and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat. Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora, artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 51–56 [译自: 环境科学]     

Eco-environmental water demands for the Baiyangdian Wetland

In recent years, the hydrological characters of Baiyangdian Wetland have changed greatly, which, in turn, influence the biotic component, the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem. In order to determine the demands for water resources of ecological wetland system, a method of ecological water level coefficient was suggested to calculate the water resources demands for wetland environment use. This research showed that the minimum coefficient is 0.94 and the optimal coefficient is more than 1.10. According to these two coefficients, the ecological water level and water quantity can be estimated. The results indicate that the amount of the minimal and optimal eco-environmental water requirements are 0.87 × 10⁸ and 2.78 × 10⁸ m³ in average monthly, respectively, with the maximum eco-environmental water requirement in summer and the minimum in winter. The annual change of eco-environment water demand is in according with the climate change and hydrological characters. The method of ecological water level emphasizes that wetland ecosystem adapts to the hydrological conditions, so it can be used in practice well. __________ Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(8): 1,119–1,126 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

一株好氧反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及反硝化能力

利用驯化活性污泥的方法筛选出一株好氧反硝化细菌G3,该菌在碳源充足且溶解氧为(4.0±1.0)mg·L-1条件下,24h内对NO-2-N积累量为12.03 mg·L-1,对NO-3-N的去除率为91.09%.扫描电镜观察其形态特征为(0.4～0.6)μm×(1.2～2.0)μm的短杆菌.16SrDNA序列分析表明,该菌与Pseudomonas stutzeri的相似性为100%.利用MEGA软件对该菌株与已报道的相关微生物进行系统发育分析,并克隆出与好氧反硝化相关的周质硝酸盐还原酶的亚基napA基因,初步判定筛选菌株具有周质硝酸盐还原酶.     

磷矿与石灰双循环脱硫的工艺性能

采用磷矿、石灰2种脱硫剂在同一吸收塔中完成2次循环4次吸收的过程.吸收塔的下部为第1级循环,采用环栅式喷射鼓泡塔,以磷矿为脱硫剂,磷矿吸收SO2后加适量浓硫酸制成磷肥,以减少烟气脱硫除尘的运行成本.吸收塔上部为第2级循环,在传统的喷淋和浮阀板技术上进行了改进,以石灰为脱硫剂,以解决第1级循环中因磷矿所含脱硫成分少于石灰而导致的脱硫效率较低的问题,保证了较高脱硫效率.结果表明,塔的压降、脱硫剂的pH值是影响脱硫效率的关键因素,在第1级循环中磷矿浆液pH值在4.5～3.5时,脱硫效率趋于稳定;通过调整石灰水的pH值可使整个工艺脱硫效率达到80%.     

UV/O_3对亚硝基二甲胺降解产物的控制研究

对CUV/O3和UV/H2O2 2种高级氧化工艺降解水中亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)和控制二甲胺(DMA)生成的能力进行了比较研究.结果表明,UV/H202能够有效降解NDMA,但不能控制NDMA降解产物DMA的生成;UV/O3高级氧化技术不仅能够有效地去除NDMA,同时对DMA的生成量也有很好的控制作用.进一步考察了不同臭氧浓度、溶液pH值以及NDMA初始浓度对UV/O3工艺控制DMA生成量的影响.结果表明,臭氧浓度对UV/O3控制DMA的生成有一定的影响,DMA的生成量随着臭氧浓度的增大而减小,臭氧浓度为6.64 mg·L-1时,降解7.7 mg·L-1 NDMA生成DMA的量为O.98 mg·L-1.溶液pH值对UV/03控制DMA的影响较大,酸性和中性pH条件下,DMA的生成量随着pH的增大略有增加;碱性pH条件下,DMA的生成量明显减小,pH;11.0时降解初始浓度为7.7 mg·L-1的NDMA,DMA的生成量仅为0.3 mg·L-1.NDMA的初始浓度对UV/03控制DMA的生成也有影响,NDMA初始浓度较小时,UV/O3对DMA生成的控制更为明显.     

好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构

使用传统的培养方法和PCR-DGGE技术对好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构进行了研究.分别采用园林垃圾和餐厨垃圾作为堆肥原料,进行了20d好氧堆肥.高温期(≥50℃)持续了10d和8d.分别对2堆体高温期样品进行稀释平板混菌培养,真菌总数和放线菌总数均分别呈"降低-升高"和"升高-降低-升高"的趋势.同时提取微生物总DNA.分别使用真菌引物对(GC-NS7/NS8)和放线菌引物对(F243/GC-R513)从总DNA中成功扩增得到目标产物,对目标产物进行DGGE分离.传统培养法和DGGE图谱结果显示,不同堆体高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌均表现出相似的变化规律,嗜热真菌优势菌比嗜热放线菌明显,但菌群总数比嗜热放线菌少.聚类分析结果表明,堆肥高温期嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌分别以升温时56℃和58℃为界,分成2个明显的变化阶段,每阶段内部聚类关系较近.阶段间关系较远.温度对高温期真菌和放线菌具有明显的筛选作用.     

长江口海域黄色物质光吸收特性

研究了长江口海域黄色物质(CDOM)的光吸收特性,分析了CDOM浓度、光谱斜率Sg及其与盐度的关系,最后探讨了研究海域CDOM的来源.结果表明:长江口表层水CDOM的吸收系数α(440)变化范围为1.152～8.751 m-1 ,平均为4.9282 m-1,Sg值的范围分别为0.0034～0.014 nm-1,平均值为0.0168 nm-1,盐度与α(440)线性相关性明显(R2 = 0.9952).长江口区黄色物质的来源为长江径流.     

燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置技术研究与设计

分析了燃油加热炉烟尘的特点,研究并论述了燃油加热炉烟气清洁装置应采取的技术措施、性能特点及结构原理等。依据该研究设计的燃油加热炉清洁装置已在输油管道加热炉上应用并已取得了显著效果。     

Effect of rhizosphere on soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene biodegradation

To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did.