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391.
Observations of air temperature changes in a steppe marmot burrow were performed from late July to mid-October. Until early September, temperature in the burrow remained relatively constant, but then it began to decrease rapidly. This occurred after air temperature above the ground became equal to the temperature in the burrow. Supposedly, it is in this particular period that marmots begin to plug the entrance to the burrow with earth, thus reducing heat exchange between the increasingly cold aboveground air and the air in the burrow. 相似文献
392.
V. I. Kolmakov N. A. Gaevskii E. A. Ivanova O. P. Dubovskaya I. V. Gribovskaya E. S. Kravchuk 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2002,33(2):97-103
In the periods of summer and autumn bloom of the Stephanodiscus hantzschii Crun. in recreational water bodies, studies on the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a, its contents per unit biomass, efficiency in using photosynthetically active radiation (EPhAR), and assimilative activity of microalgae were performed. The results confirmed the existence of two ecophysiological forms of St. hantzschii and provided evidence that both forms are typically autotrophic and can efficiently use low-intensity PhAR for photosynthesis. 相似文献
393.
On-going population growth and resulting domestic demand for water require rapid and effective decision-making as regards groundwater management and control of the various sources of salinization and pollution in Coastal aquifers. Sustainability of water resources for utilization by future generations must therefore be a high priority, not only for the purpose of fulfilling needs for water usage but also for bringing people into harmony with their ambient natural environment.The objective of this paper is to propose an empirical approach for prioritization of the needs involved for sustainable aquifer management. The approach involves a schematic format to:(1) develop a global understanding of an aquifer's hydrological and environmental properties in order to delineate appropriate eco-hydrological scenarios and recommend corresponding operational management activities; and(2) emphasize the importance of educating and increasing the awareness of the population involved as to the need for and viability of socially acceptable measures for sustainable management of groundwater and other resources.The psychologist Abraham Maslow utilized a pyramid to illustrate that until people's most basic needs were fulfilled, higher levels of needs would remain irrelevant. This paper postulates a comparable pyramid prioritizing hydrological needs required for progressing towards sustainable groundwater resources. Two sub-regions of Israel's Coastal aquifer in the Sharon region have been presented as representative areas, each characterized by different stress of exploitation. In assessing these sub-regions situation, specific measures have been recommended for achieving and/or maintaining sustainable groundwater resources in light of the ambient environment, and the level of the population on the pyramidal hierarchy of groundwater needs. 相似文献
394.
资源型城市可持续发展能力的演变与调控 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
作为特殊的经济区,资源型城市的衰落与振兴日益成为社会关注的热点。本文从分析资源型城市可持续发展能力入手,论述了资源型城市发展能力的成长阶段及演变特征,提出了资源城市可持续发展能力调控的模式和途径。 相似文献
395.
母岩的风化剥蚀速率与土壤允许流失量的关系 --以长江三峡坝区风化花岗岩土壤为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤允许流失量的确定是一个非常复杂而又必须解决的问题,它关系到水土保持措施的布设和土壤的可持续利用。然而,发育在不同母质上的土壤,其土壤的最大允许流失量差异很大,确定这一值的依据也各不相同。在岩成土壤地区,母岩风化剥蚀速率的大小直接影响土壤的发育。是确定土壤允许流失量、分析人类加速水土流失的重要依据之一。选长江三峡黄陵背斜段风化花岗岩土壤为研究对象,根据剥蚀沉积相关原理,通过恢复古地理环境及时代,计算出新生代以来本区花岗岩的平均风化剥蚀速率为16.97mm/ka.最大剥蚀速率为49.56。又根据区内太平溪流域的泥沙资料,算出了当地现代的剥蚀速率,多年平均为297.7mm/ka,最小值为31.5mm/ka,而水利部颁布的当地土壤允许流失量为200t/km^2,a,折合为76.9mm/ka,二者相差近1.5—4.5倍。基于此。提出了确定土壤允许流失量必须参考母岩风化剥蚀速率的新观点。 相似文献
396.
397.
长江三峡地区坡地发育初步研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
坡地发育是地貌学研究的基本问题之一。三峡地区坡地发育的研究对三峡库岸稳定性的评估和三峡移民的土地开发具有十分重要的意义。首先从概括坡地发育的研究进展,阐述科学家们对坡地发育的不同看法入手,引出三峡地区坡地发育的特殊性。初步研究三峡地区的坡地发育具有分段式分进的特点,包括中山峰陡坡的剥蚀后退过程,山顶缓坡的风化剥蚀夷平的过程,上段斜坡的片流坡地侵蚀过程,下段陡坡的剥坡后退过程,山麓堆积缓坡的剥蚀过程等。通过分析三峡地区坡地的五种坡段的成因、现状、发展趋势以及它们对三峡库区的稳定性和三峡移民的土地开发的影响,预测未来的三峡库岸,大部分为剥蚀陡坡,部分为崩塌滑坡陡坡,三峡沿岸城镇开发建设的重点将是库岸有坡地的防护工程。 相似文献
398.
399.
In situ assessment of modification of sediment properties by burrowing invertebrates 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Benthic organisms can significantly alter the physical properties of marine sediments, but it has hitherto been difficult to assess and quantify the effects of bioturbation. In situ geophysical techniques offer new methods for measuring these effects: measurement of acoustic shear-wave velocity and electrical resistivity allows nondestructive assessment of the properties of the grain framework and pore-fluid matrix, respectively, of the seabed sediment. The influence of burrowing invertebrates on the structural properties of sandy sediments at intertidal locations on the coast of Wales (UK) was investigated during the periol 1986–1987 using these techniques. Three species (Arenicola marina, Corophium arenarium and Lanice conchilega) were selected on the basis of their contrasting styles of burrow construction. All three species produced measurable and significant, although different, changes in bed properties. They modified shear-wave propagation through the bed by changing bed rigidity: while A. marina and C. arenarium decreased rigidity by creating open burrows, L. conchilega increased rigidity by building shell-lined tubes. All produced a decrease in electrical resistivity by altering porosity and/or tortuosity, which implies an increase in permeability; these changes were attributable not only to the presence of the burrows but also to modification of the between-burrow sediment texture and bed properties. 相似文献
400.