铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

青藏铁路工程对高原生态环境的影响

分析了青藏铁路工程建设生态环境的特点，探讨了青藏铁路建设对沿线冻融侵蚀、植被、冻土上限、沙漠化以及野生动物的影响，最后提出了铁路建设过程中的一些环境保护意义。     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

滇池湖滨区新农村建设中的污染防治工程技术方案研究

对滇池湖滨区农村环境现状及主要环境问题进行了详细分析，就工程总体思路、设计原则及主要考核指标体系等进行了探讨，提出沿湖农村非点源污染防治工程技术方案，即通过以沼气池为纽带的农村能源结构改造、村级污水处置处理和配套沟渠系统建设、村内垃圾处理处置以及普及卫生旱厕、村庄道路修缮及绿化等工程和管理措施，从源头上控制污染物产生量，减少入湖污染负荷，有效地解决滇池环湖新农村建设中的环境保护问题。     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响因素研究

研究总结了目前城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响的因素，概括总结了pH值、溶解氧、温度、盐度等环境因素以及磁场等外部环境因素对不同性状污泥的沉降影响。为污泥沉降脱水最佳条件提供了研究思路，也为污泥后续机械脱水提供了基础。     

城市水业私有化问题分析及研究

私人投资水业在今后一定时间内是解决城市基础设施建设的主要手段之一.它能够解决城市基础设施投资资金短缺的问题;实现基础设施行业投资结构多元化,促进体制改革;引入竞争机制,提高服务质量;引入先进技术与科学的管理手段,提高经营管理效率.本文首先介绍了私有化的概念,进而指出城市水业的私有化并不是解除政府保障基本水服务的职责,而是完成运营者到监管者的转变,最后以典型案例分析了私人投资水业存在着巨大的机会和风险.     

大庆红岗生态工业园区创建的现有条件

生态工业园是根据循环经济理念和工业生态学原理而设计建立的一种新型工业组织形态,在园区内通过废物交换、循环利用、清洁生产等手段,实现资源利用的最大化和废物排放的最小化.文章通过对大庆市石油、石油化工产业链现状分析及产品代谢和废物代谢分析,说明大庆红岗具有创建生态工业园区的区位和资源优势,园区所在区域内现已经初步形成了石油开采、石油化工、轻烃加工和化工建材产业(品)代谢连及废油、废水回注等废物代谢链的生态工业雏形,为创建大庆红岗生态工业(石化)示范园区奠定了一定的基础.     

某电镀厂附近农田土壤中的重金属形态研究

通过连续提取法对电镀废水污染区和对照区农田土壤中的重金属元素Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb和Mn形态进行了研究.结果显示,污染区土壤中多种形态的Cu、Cr和Ni含量都显著高于对照区,尤其以它们的有机结合态差异最为显著.污染区较对照区土壤中Mn的总量虽无显著差异,但可交换态Mn的含量显著增加(分别为98.68mg/kg和40.75mg/kg).污染区与对照区土壤中的Pb的交换态、碳酸盐结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残留态均无显著差异.电镀废水的污染使得农田土壤中Cu、Cr和Ni含量和生物有效性显著升高,Mn的化学形态改变,移动性和生物有效性增加.