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241.
A novel electrolytic groundwater remediation process, which used the H2 continuously generated at cathode to achieve in situ catalytic hydrodechlorination, was developed for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in groundwater. Catalytic hydrodechlorination using Pd supported on bamboo charcoal and external H2 showed that 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated to phenol within 30 min at pH ? 5.5. In a divided electrolytic system, the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-DCP in cathodic compartment by H2 generated at the cathode under 20 and 50 mA reached 100% at 120 and 60 min, respectively. Two column experiments with influent pHs of 5.5 (unconditioned) and 2 were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this process. The 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were about 63% and nearly 100% at influent pHs of 5.5 and 2, respectively. Phenol was solely produced by 2,4-DCP hydrodechlorination, and was subsequently degraded at the anode. A low pH could enhance the hydrodechlorination, but was not necessarily required. This study provides the preliminary results of a novel effective electrolytic process for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated aromatics. 相似文献
242.
Chen J Tong Y Xu J Liu X Li Y Tan M Li Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3268-3275
Introduction and purpose
The objective of this study is to determine children??s blood lead levels and identify sources of lead exposure. Childhood lead exposure constitutes a major pediatric health problem today in China. A blood lead screening survey program for children in the age group of 2?C12?years residing in Pearl River Delta region, south of China, was carried out from Dec 2007 to Jan 2008.Methods
Blood lead levels and lead isotope ratios of a total of 761 participants were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Measurements of urban environmental samples for source identification of children lead exposure were also performed.Results and conclusions
The geometric mean value of the children??s blood lead levels was 57.05???g/L, and 9.6% of them were higher than 100???g/L. The blood lead levels were still much higher than those in developed countries. Based on the data of environmental lead source inventories, lead isotopic tracing revealed that there is about 6.7% past used gasoline Pb embedded in Shenzhen residential dust and about 15.6% in Guangzhou dust, respectively. 相似文献243.
Manganese acetate (MnAc) and manganese nitrate (MnN) were employed as precursors for the preparation of MnAc)/TiO2, Mn (N)/TiO2, Mn(Ac)-Ce/TiO2, and Mn(N)-Ce/TiO2 by impregnation. These complexes were used as catalysts in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The influence of manganese precursors on catalyst characteristics, the reduction activity, and the stability of the catalysts to poisoning by H2O and SO2 were studied. Experiments showed that Mn(N) produced MnO2 with large grain sizes in Mn(N)/TiO2 catalyst. On the contrary, Mn(Ac) led to highly dispersed and amorphous Mn2O3 in Mn (Ac)/TiO2 catalyst, which had better catalytic activity and stability to SO2 at low temperatures. The doping of cerium reduced the differences in catalytic performance between the catalysts derived from different Mn precursors. 相似文献
244.
超声波促进城市生活污泥缺氧/好氧消化的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本研究将超声波预处理引入城市生活污泥缺氧/好氧消化工艺中,自主设计了容积为30 L的生活污泥超声波-缺氧/好氧消化中试系统并用以实验研究。超声波预处理的参数为超声频率28 kHz,声能密度0.15 W/mL,超声时间10 min,超声间隔12 h,污泥超声比例30%。结果表明,引入超声预处理后,缩短了污泥的稳定时间,提高了污泥的消化效率。污泥消化10 d就已经达到了稳定标准,比未引入超声预处理时缩短了12 d,而MLVSS最大去除率提高了11%,达到了55.10%。超声波的引入,对污泥缺氧/好氧消化系统中污泥上清液溶解性COD(SCOD)的变化趋势影响比较明显,而对上清液的pH、氨氮和TP的变化趋势没有明显影响。 相似文献
245.
246.
基于农户生产技术效率的退耕还林政策评价——黄土高原区3县的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文的目的在于从农户层面上,以技术效率为标准,对退耕还林政策加以评价。以黄土高原区的陕西省吴起县、定边县和甘肃省华池县为实证案例,论文通过同时估计农户的投入导向的随机距离前沿和技术效率影响模型两个等式,分别测算了2009年吴起县159户、定边县152户和华池县125户农户退耕还林政策与技术效率之间的关系。研究发现:退耕还林与吴起县农户技术效率之间呈显著的正相关关系,与定边县和华池县的样本农户技术效率之间呈现显著负相关关系。因此,退耕还林政策在我国不同地区的执行存在显著差异;需要对定边和华池农户给予额外补贴或者实质性扶持,才可以实现该公共政策均衡私人森林供给和社会森林需求。研究还显示:3县农户生产受到劳动力、资金、土地、固定资产等投入要素的约束;户主的年龄、家庭规模和教育对不同地区的农户生产技术效率存在影响;3县农户的平均技术效率在80%,说明存在减少约20%的成本且不减少产出的空间。 相似文献
247.
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249.
PVA降解菌的复配组合及其紫外诱变处理的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对已筛选出的4株PVA降解菌进行不同的组合后测定PVA降解率,发现Z5与Z8菌株混合后在1周内对PVA的去除率达到了所有组合中的最高值52.07%,比单菌株提高了约22%。采用紫外照射的方法对混合菌进行诱变并利用正交实验研究其特性,结果表明,诱变后的混合菌在1周内降解了91.46%的PVA,并且碳源浓度对酶活的影响最为显著。当pH为7,碳源、氮源含量分别为1.5 g/L、0.6 g/L,NaC l浓度为1.5 g/L时,诱变菌株处于最佳生长状态。 相似文献
250.