天津地区霾天气特征研究

基于2014~2017年天津地区PM_2.5质量浓度，能见度和相对湿度监测数据开展霾天气特征研究.结果表明：天津中度以上霾过程分为五类：高压后部型，北部弱高压型，低压槽型，均压场型和锋前低压型.在现行标准下，中度霾一般对应重度污染天气，重度霾对应重度到严重污染天气；五级重度污染天气一般有中-重度霾发生，六级严重污染天气有重度霾天气发生.2013年“大气污染防治行动计划”开展以后，天津PM_2.5质量浓度和霾日均显著减少，2017年相比2013年霾日减少了55%，中度及其以上霾日由2013年的41d下降到2017年的20d，下降幅度超过50%.基于实况监测的PM_2.5质量浓度，能见度和相对湿度，可以较好的构建区域能见度计算方程.统计数据显示，其估算的能见度和实况值相关系数为0.94，相对误差为18.6%，非霾日辨识准确率为85%，霾日辨识准确率为95.6%，轻微霾辨识准确率为83%，轻度霾辨识准确率为78%，中度霾辨识准确率为93%，重度及以上霾辨识准确率为94%，对于判断霾等级，有较强的适用性.将该方程与空气质量模式结合开展霾等级预报，2015~2017年24h预报产品检验显示：能见度预报值与实况值相关系数为0.75，预报均值13.9km，实况均值14.1km，相对误差为29.6%，FAC2（预报值在实况值两倍范围内百分比）为98.1%，霾日预报准确率81.4%，霾日漏报率18.6%，霾日空报率20.6%，如果容错1级，轻微霾日预报准确率为96%，轻度霾日预报准确率为85%，中度及以上霾日预报准确率为69%，可有效支撑天津霾等级预报的开展.     

核电厂址事故大气弥散因子计算的实验与理论研究

在目前常用的计算核电厂事故概率大气扩散因子的模式基础上提出了考虑内边界层影响的计算模式，根据某待建滨海核电厂址大气弥散实验的实测参数，分别采用本模式和常用模式估算了厂址边界０．５ｋｍ外的最终评价用事故概率扩散因子和各途径的剂量及有效剂量。计算结果表明，无论是事故概率扩散因子还是个人有效剂量，本模式给出的值都是常用模式的５．９倍。因此，在不能忽略内边界层出现频率的滨海厂址，必须考虑内边界层对事故扩散     

Comparison of PCDD and PCDF in flyash collected from muncipal incinerators of different countries

Flyash samples were collected from the electrostatic precipitators of seven municipal refuse incinerators of four different countries. Analytical results of PCDD and PCDF in these samples shows a very similar iosmer distribution pattern for all PCDD/PCDF although concentrations of PCDD and PCDF vary. These results imply that PCDD/PCDF were formed through the same mechanism in those incinerators regardless of garbage composition or incinerator design.     

Chemical coupling between ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles

The concentrations of inorganic aerosol components in the fine particulate matter (PM(fine)< or =2.5 microm) consisted of primarily ammonium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride are related to the transfer time scale between gas to particle phase, which is a function of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and their gas phase constituent concentrations in the atmosphere. This study involved understanding the magnitude of major ammonia sources; and an up-wind and down-wind (receptor) ammonia, acid gases, and fine particulate measurements; with a view to accretion gas-to-particle conversion (GTPS) process in an agricultural/rural environment. The observational based analysis of ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles by annular denuder system (ADS) coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model provided the mean pseudo-first-order k(S-1) between NH(3) and H(2)SO(4) aerosol approximately 5.00 (+/-3.77)x10(-3) s(-1). The rate constant was found to increase as ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation increases, and decreases with increasing relative humidity. The observed [NH(3)][HNO(3)] products exceeded values predicted by theoretical equilibrium constants, due to a local excess of ammonia concentration.     

臭氧与TiO2/UV协同降解对氯苯酚

利用O3／UV、TiO2／UV和O3／TiO2／UV降解对氯苯酚表明，臭氧与TiO2／UV具有明显的协同作用，如在本实验条件下降解5min后，上述3者对对氯苯酚的去除率分别为55％、10％和77%。O3／TiO2／UV协同作用的本质是由于臭氧能带走二氧化钛光致电子空穴对中的电子，从而产生了更多的羟基自由基，加速了有机物的降解。     

Removal of NOx from flue gas with iron filings reduction following complex absorption in ferrous chelates aqueous solutions

A novel process for removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases with iron filings reduction following complex absorption in iron-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid aqueous solution is proposed. The reaction mechanism involved in the process is discussed briefly. The parameters influencing the process, including the concentration of ferrous chelates, initial pH, amount of iron filings, temperature, flow rate of the flue gas, and inlet nitric oxide concentration and oxygen content of the flue gas, are researched in detail. The optimal NOx removal conditions are established. The regeneration and circular utilization of the absorption solution also is studied.     

醋酸乙烯生产过程废触媒的资源化回收

采用正交实验研究了微波、超声波条件对废触媒解吸效果的影响,对比实验结果表明,1次微波2次超声波联用技术锌的洗脱率较高,回收的活性炭超过了林业局粉状活性炭二级品指标.用洗脱的醋酸锌溶液制备的磷酸锌符合防锈颜料要求.最终的废液采用电石废渣中和后达到国家废水处理三级排放标准.实现了废触媒的综合回收利用.     

Comparison of quantitation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in complex environmental samples by high resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization, electron capture and mass spectrometric detection

A complete separation of PDDD and PCDF from a complex sample matrix by a two-step HPLC clean-up procedure shows the feasibility of analysis of PCDD and PCDF using less expensive instruments. This is demonstrated by a comparison of quantitative results of PCDD and PCDF in a complex flyash sample analyzed using GC/FID, GC/ECD, and GC/MSD.     

乐清湾水质变化及其成因探讨

收集了乐清湾多年的水质监测资料，分析了乐清湾各水质指标在时间和空间上的变化规律。在此基础上，分别从乐清湾外部污染源变化，海岸工程引起的水动力变化和水产养殖业产生的内部污染源的变化等几方面，对乐清湾水质变化的原因进行了探讨。     

喷流塔脱硫除尘技术研究

基于强化喷淋装置传质过程,开发了一种结构简单、压降小、效率高、生产能力大的脱硫除尘装置——喷流塔。实验表明,液气比L/G=15L/m3时,除尘效率≥994%,流化层压降≤300Pa;采用CaCa双碱法脱硫工艺,pH=7～8、L/G=10～12L/m3时,脱硫效率≥92%,流化层压降≤450Pa。在脱硫操作条件下可同时脱除996%以上的烟尘,适于脱硫除尘一体化操作。