山西省朔州市耕地与基本农田优化布局研究

耕地和基本农田保护对矿业城市来说具有特殊的意义.以典型矿业城市——山西省朔州市为例,结合当地第三轮土地利用总体规划修编(2006-2020年),以当地2005年(规划基期年)耕地和基本农田的数量、质量为基础,分析其动态流向特征,最后根据自然气候、社会经济条件与耕地质量的一致性,将规划期内(至2020年)朔州市耕地划分为3个区域,分别探讨了各区域耕地利用、土壤改良和生态环境保护方向.     

Exposure to heavy metals in blood and risk perception of the population living in the vicinity of municipal waste incinerators in Korea

Background, aim, and scope

The purpose of this study was to monitor and present the heavy metal concentrations in the blood of residents of areas near municipal waste incinerators (MWIs), who are more prone to environmental pollution. We also sought to compare and analyze the residents?? perception of environmental pollution as one of the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations in the blood using a survey about the perceived damage caused by the facilities. Since heavy metal levels in the blood can be affected not only by local environmental pollution but also by personal and occupational factors, heavy metal levels in the blood need to be verified and consistently monitored.

Methods

Residents who live within 300?m of MWIs in Seoul are acknowledged to be under indirect influence according to the Waste Disposal Act. A survey was given to 841 residents living within 300?m of a MWI from 2006 to 2009. The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and mercury) in the blood were measured in the 841 surveyed residents and in 105 residents in reference areas. Additionally, the perception of the damage caused by municipal waste incinerators was investigated using scores from 1 to 5 on a Likert scale.

Results

The measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the blood showed that the mean concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 43.1, 1.7, and 1.3?ug/L, respectively. The blood levels of lead and cadmium were slightly higher in the group of the subjects who had resided the longest near the municipal waste incinerators. When compared with the domestic investigation by the Ministry of Environment, the concentrations of lead and cadmium were a little higher, while that of mercury was a little lower. Overall, there was no significant difference in the distribution of heavy metal levels in the blood among age groups. Additionally, the investigation of the perceived damage from municipal waste incinerators showed that the subjects     

兼性厌氧菌群对湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效应

研究了兼性厌氧菌群不同接种量(1%(体积分数,下同)、5%、10%、20%、50%)下对太湖湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效果及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,接种兼性厌氧菌群能显著提高总有机碳(TOC)、TN的降解率且降解率高,但是TP的降解率波动较大。补充实验证明接种菌液中大量的有机碳、氮源会引起样品中初始浓度升高,建议在使用接种菌液前进行3次无菌水冲洗。综合考虑接种兼性厌氧菌群对湖滨带底泥有机污染物的降解效果,确定其最佳接种量为10%。另外,接种兼性厌氧菌群后其菌群数量和菌活性都有显著提高而严格好氧菌、严格厌氧菌数量均无显著变化;第0天,微生物在接种量为10%时菌活性电子传递体系(ETS)最高。     

北运河表层沉积物对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn的吸附

首先分析了北运河6个采样点表层沉积物中重金属含量及相关基本特征。通过实验室模拟实验,利用分配系数Kd评价沉积物对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn的吸附特性,进一步考察了水体pH变化和有机质对重金属在北运河沉积物上吸附的影响。结果表明,沉积物中重金属的含量顺序为Zn>Cu>Pb,去除有机质后,沉积物对重金属的吸附能力显著降低,但各采样点中的重金属含量,沉积物对重金属吸附能力,以及沉积物中的有机质含量并没有明显相关性,这可能是因为不同采样点中有机质种类与结构不同导致的。总之,北运河沉积物对Pb有很强的吸附能力,其次是Cu和Zn,而且,Cu、Zn、Pb的吸附量随着pH的升高逐渐增大,水体pH值对于Zn的吸附影响更大。     

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in adipose tissues of patients with uterine leiomyomas and the association of these pollutants with seafood diet, BMI, and age

Background, aim, and scope  

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals in subcutaneous and visceral fat obtained from patients with UL and in subcutaneous fat of a control group of women without UL to determine if there were any correlations between concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and the incidence of UL.     

脉冲放电降解实际空气流中甲苯的实验研究

研制了一种喷射式线-筒放电反应器,在室温条件下进行了降解实际空气流中甲苯的实验研究。结果表明,该反应器能够有效降解甲苯,但不同的通气方式对甲苯降解率有显著影响,验证了该反应器设计的合理性。同时证明,通过流场控制可以提高甲苯降解率。电场方向与气流方向一致则强化降解,两者方向相反则弱化降解。当电压为34kV时,正脉冲和负脉冲的甲苯降解率相差高达42.5%。当电压小于火花放电电压时,甲苯降解率随着电压的增大而升高;当电压过大时,电极间发生火花放电,甲苯降解率不升反降。小电压时,小电容放电的甲苯降解率较高;但随着电压的增大,大电容的优势得以体现。甲苯降解率随气流中甲苯初始浓度的升高而降低;随气体流量的增大而降低;环境湿度过大时,甲苯降解率下降,并且甲苯氧化不完全,有CO生成。     

Zr—Fe双组分复合除砷吸附剂的优化制备及性能评价

实验发现,铁氧化物或铁的羟基氧化物对As（V）有较好的吸附性能,而锆氧化物或锆水合氧化物则对As（Ⅲ）有优异的吸附选择性,但其使用的pH通常要在〉9的条件下。通过简单的共沉淀法制备了Zr-Fe双组分复合吸附剂,在制备过程中通过优化制备条件如：沉淀剂浓度、金属离子总浓度、金属离子配比、反应温度、反应时间及吸附剂价格等因素,最终合成出了对As（V）和As（Ⅲ）都具有良好吸附能力的吸附剂。这种吸附剂在中性条件下对As（V）和As（Ⅲ）的最大吸附量为62mg／g和118mg／g。     

港口城市演变趋势的剖析及可持续发展战略选择

通过分析诸多国际上典型港口城市发展历程及其演变趋势发现,港口与港口城市各有其发展趋势路径。其原因一方面系港口与港口城市两者所需发展要素并不完全一致,各有其发展动力引致;另一方面两者在发展阶段很容易受外在政、经环境因素影响,进而导致最终发展趋势的相异。本文以香港、鹿特丹、浏河与伦敦等港口城市为案例进行研究,即可看出各案例间演变趋势的分歧所在。通过本文分析,建议港口城市所在区域各级主管机构制订港口城市发展方向时,应注重统筹区域全局利益并以局部港口发展的总体利益最大化为中心;决策者在拟定或选择发展战略时,应以港口城市与整体区域的可持续发展为战略发展目标,根据各港口与港口城市发展要素可能出现的变化,主动并积极地配置调整资源投入,以适应自身的发展特色,避免有限资源重复性配置损失。     

多环芳烃在低氧沉积物环境中的分布状况

低氧环境普遍存在于底层水体以及表层沉积物中,随着中国水体有机污染加剧,低氧现象将越来越明显.有研究表明,中国水体普遍受到多环芳烃污染,由于其强烈的憎水性和低溶解性,大部分多环芳烃沉积在底泥中.总结了学者们对国内外河流、湿地、河口等水体沉积物中多环芳烃污染的研究成果,探讨了多环芳烃的分布规律,发现沉积物中多环芳烃含量与流域内经济发展状况密切相关,反映了经济发展过程对环境造成的负面影响.相比于国外典型区域的多环芳烃浓度,中国沉积物的多环芳烃污染处于中等水平,但处于快速上升阶段,部分点位浓度已超过生态风险区间低值(4 000 ng/g),对人们的身体健康构成威胁,所以对多环芳烃的生态风险评价、污染物排放控制需进一步加强.     

基于环境与经济发展协调度评价的生态镇建设探讨——以徐州市大沙河镇为例

随着人地关系的矛盾越来越突出,处理好经济发展与环境保护的关系,将两者高度融合,做到环境与经济的持续协调发展逐渐受到各方重视.以徐州市大沙河镇为例,在区域环境与经济发展协调度评价的基础上探索生态镇的建设模式.结果表明,2010年大沙河镇的环境综合发展指数为1.584,经济综合发展指数为1.182,环境与经济发展的协调度为0.88,处于良好协调状态.最后在评价结果的基础上分析了大沙河生态镇建设的模式.