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381.
Fluidized pellet bed (FPB) has been successfully applied in water and wastewater treatment. However, the removal mechanism of
contaminants especially the soluble ones, is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the e ectiveness of FPB reactor for removing
soluble contaminants from synthetic wastewater. By only coagulation through jar test operation with addition of polyaluminium chloride
(PACl) as primary coagulant and polyacryamide (PAM) as coagulant-aid, the removals of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD),
total phosphorus (TP), and NH4
+-N were found to be only 2.2%–7.5%, 5.7%–25.5%, and 9.9%–18.5%, respectively. However, by FPB
operation under the same dosage of coagulants, these values increased to 82.7%, 37.2%, and 50%, indicating that the formation of
pellets in the FPB e ectively enhanced the removal of soluble contaminants. By careful comparison of the settleablility and filterability
of the pollutants after coagulation, the originally soluble contaminants could be divided into three groups, namely: (1) coagulated-andsettleable,
(2) coagulated-but-nonsettleable, and (3) uncoagulable. It was found that not only the first two groups but also a large part of
the third group could be e ectively removed by FPB operation. However, the mechanism for the removal of the uncoagulable pollutants
by FPB operation still needs further investigation. 相似文献
382.
LI Yunhui YE Huayue DU Min ZHANG Yanfen YE Boping PU Yuepu WANG Dayong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(7):971-979
Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaC1 and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thennotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels of che-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P<0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced m MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations. 相似文献
383.
384.
用生物膜缺氧修复受污染的城市河道水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用一种类似氧化沟的反应器,其中利用蜂窝陶瓷为载体形成生物膜替代活性污泥,对城市受污染的河道水体进行缺氧生物修复.修复过程中控制溶解氧含量在0.5 mg/L以下,使生物反应在缺氧状态下运行.在此过程中,水中的氨氮去除率为40%~60%,总氮的去除率达到40%~45%,即氨氮和总氮得到同步去除,且没有亚硝酸盐积累.提取生物膜置于摇瓶内进行厌氧培养发现,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮也得到同步去除,这表明在低碳氮比的微污染地表水的生物修复过程中同时有硝化-反硝化和厌氧氨氧化现象.通过分子生物学分析,证实在生物膜群落里存在具有厌氧氨氧化能力的微生物.这一结果有可能为富营养化水体的修复提供一种经济、实用的技术途径. 相似文献
385.
PFOS/PFOA对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎致毒效应研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试方法,研究了PFOA/PFOS对斑马鱼的急性毒性和生命早期阶段生长发育的影响.结果表明,PFOS/PFOA对斑马鱼有明显毒性作用,LC50(48 h)分别为1005 mg/L和107 mg/L,LC50(96 h)分别为499 mg/L和71 mg/L.PFOS/PFOA抑制斑马鱼胚胎发育,可导致胚胎发育畸形,甚至死亡,高浓度(>240 mg/L)PFOS损伤细胞膜,导致胚胎分裂中的细胞发生自溶而卵凝结死亡,抑制胚胎原肠胚的形成.在各种亚致死效应中,脊柱畸形对PFOS暴露最敏感,其EC50=9.14 mg/L,PFOA暴露最敏感亚致死性毒理学终点为96 h孵化,对应EC50=328.0 mg/L.PFOA/PFOS导致胚胎发育延迟,具有发育毒性. 相似文献
386.
由活性污泥培养得到好氧颗粒污泥,研究了温度对好氧颗粒污泥吸附Pb2+的影响.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥主要含有C、H、N、O、P等元素,其经验结构式为C5.7H10.9O3.9NS0.04.好氧颗粒污泥表面主要由球状细菌组成,具有明显的孔隙结构.在20~40℃时,Pb2+在好氧颗粒污泥上的吸附过程可以由Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程进行拟合(R2>0.914).Pb2+最大吸附量Qmax由80.65 mg·g-1(20℃)增至97.09 mg·g-1(40℃).吸附过程的表观自由能变ΔG<0、 ΔH>0、 ΔS>0,表明Pb2+在好氧颗粒污泥表面的吸附为吸热、熵增的自发过程.红外扫描分析(FTIR)结果表明,吸附过程Pb2+主要与—OH、蛋白质中的—COOH以及PO发生作用,与含氮官能团无关. 相似文献
387.
388.
A new approach to predicting the maximum temperature in dry drilling based on a finite element model
A new analysis approach is developed to predict the temperature in dry drilling. The working rake angle and the working relief angle which the effect of feed is considered at an arbitrary point in the leading cutting edge of a twist drill are developed for the equivalent model. Then finite element models are developed to predict the drilling temperature based on the equivalent model. Commercial finite element codes Abaqus, Deform 2D and Third Wave Systems AdvantEdge have been used. In simulations, different chip separation models and material models are applied in the three codes. And the effect of the laws of drilling velocities and feed rates on the temperature are investigated by the finite element method. Predicted results of the maximum temperatures by three codes are compared with experiments, respectively. Results indicate that the drilling temperature results of simulations have good agreement to the experimental ones, and the errors are all less than 15%. 相似文献
389.
固定化微生物技术处理城市微污染河水研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将陶粒、功能化聚氨酯泡沫(FPUFS)、阿科蔓柔性填料、人工水草等4种不同载体与高效复合菌剂BP35应用于曝气生物滤池(BAF)构成固定化曝气生物滤池(G-BAF),研究固定化微生物技术对城市微污染河水的净化效果.4种G-BAF对NH4+-N、叶绿素和浊度的去除率分别为83.0%~89.0%、77.5%~89.0%和84.4%~95.2%,均大于对COD、UV254和TP的去除效果.FPUFS含有羟基、环氧基和酰胺基等反应性基团,对酶和微生物的负载量大,因此FPUFS-G-BAF对污染物的去除效率高于其余3种G-BAF.水力停留时间(HRT)对4种G-BAF去除NH4+-N的影响均不显著,而对COD的去除效果影响较大.当溶解氧(DO)浓度由2 mg/L升至4 mg/L时,4种G-BAF对COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别提高了11.9%~18.0%和12.7%~16.1%.GC-MS分析结果表明,G-BAF工艺能有效地将河水中分子质量较大的难降解有机物降解为小分子物质. 相似文献
390.