Effect of organic suspended solids and their sedimentation on the surrounding sea area

A study of sediment contamination was made in one of the 23 specific designated important ports in Japan, the inner part of which had been used as wood pool. The study focused on the relationship between contaminants and organic matter in terms of ignition loss and the impact of the wood pool on the port area. Organic matter exists in the form of suspended solids and deposits. Sediment samples were taken from the mouths of the rivers feeding into Shimizu Port, from the wood pool and from Shimizu Port. Samples within Shimizu Port showed that as the ignition loss decreased with distance from the wood pool, other properties including the concentrations of trace metals, ignition loss and sulfide content also decreased with the distance. In conclusion, Shimizu Port seems to function as a buffer area between the wood pool and Suruga Bay.     

Seasonal variation in the atmospheric deposition of inorganic constituents and canopy interactions in a Japanese cedar forest

The seasonal changes in throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) chemistry and the canopy interactions of K+ and N compounds were studied in a Japanese cedar forest near the Sea of Japan. The fluxes of most ions, including non-sea-salt SO4(2-), from TF, SF, and rainfall showed distinct seasonal trends, increasing from autumn to winter, owing to the seasonal west wind, while the fluxes of NH4+ and K+ ions from TF+SF might have a large effect of canopy interactions. The contact angle (CA) of water droplets on leaves decreased with leaf aging, suggesting that surface wettability increases with leaf age. The K+ concentration in TF was negatively correlated with the CA of 1-year-old leaves, while the NH4+ concentration was positively correlated with the CA. The net fluxes of NH4+ and NO3(-) from TF were positively correlated with the CA. The increase in wettability may accelerate leaching of K+ or uptake of NH4+.     

烟花爆竹用氧化剂的研究进展

在调查研究的基础上,分析、总结、研讨用于烟花爆竹的氧化剂的历史、现状及发展方向。分析和讨论氯酸盐类、高氯酸盐类、硝酸盐类以及金属氧化物等氧化剂的物化性质、燃爆性能及各自用于烟火剂的优缺点。研究指出:将不同类型的氧化剂复合使用,当选择的组分及搭配的比例合适时,不仅能使各种氧化剂充分发挥其优点,而且还将产生一些新的实际的性能。同时提出:复合氧化剂是配制燃放效果好、安全性能高、价格低廉的烟花爆竹氧化剂的发展方向。     

城市综合防灾减灾规划方法研究——以廊坊市为例

在分析我国城市防灾减灾工作现状的基础上,指出我国在城市综合防灾减灾规划方面的不足;针对我国中小城市的特点,提出一套城市综合防灾减灾规划的工作程序与技术方法,该方法包括灾害识别,财产易损性分析,灾害风险分析,损失预测与风险区划,确定规划目标与减灾措施,规划编制6个阶段;以廊坊市为例,拟定了一个综合防灾减灾规划方案。在规划过程中采用了风险分级法和减灾措施优先级评分法等,找出威胁廊坊城市安全的主要灾害和防治的主要措施,为廊坊市的灾害管理提供了依据。     

碱浸-电解锌工艺中含锌废渣的除氯研究

含锌废渣及粉尘是危险废物,因含有较高含量的锌,可作酸法和碱法冶金的原料,但其中若存在氯,则锌产品质量就严重下降,对电极板也有严重腐蚀作用,因此,从含锌废渣及粉尘中高效去除氯有重要意义.系统地研究了碳酸钠溶液洗涤去除含锌粉尘中氯的工艺条件.结果表明,碳酸钠的除氯效果好且不会引起较大的锌损失,其除氯的优化工艺参数为: 碳酸钠质量浓度4 g/L,液固比8:1,温度90 ℃,反应时间90 min,氯的去除率可达到90%以上.对同一种锌粉尘进行了除氯与不除氯的碱浸-电解锌中试对比实验,分析表明: 经碳酸钠除氯后所得的锌粉质量明显提高,全锌和金属锌可分别提高2%～3%.     

Attenuation of lead leachability in shooting range soils using poultry waste amendments in combination with indigenous plant species

Chemical immobilization technology utilizing poultry waste (PW) along with a native plant (Panicum maximum Jacq.) application was assessed for the attenuation of downward Pb dissolution and modification of Pb speciation in solid and liquid phases in the soil. A large column study with and without plant and PW applications was conducted using a Pb contaminated soil collected from a shooting range area. The PW application reduced water-extractable Pb by about 43% of that of the treatment without the PW and plant applications (Control). The cumulative Pb amount in column leachates over 100d was increased by the PW amendment (0.32mg) compared to Control (0.27mg), but was reduced to 0.23mg by the combined use of plant and PW amendment. Sequential extraction analysis revealed that the Pb fractions of PW-amended soils were shifted to less soluble phases as indicated by an increased residual fraction (20%) and decreased exchangeable and carbonate fractions (22%) than those in the Control soil. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations demonstrated that predicted Pb(2+) activity was saturated with respect to cerussite in the Control soil and was supersaturated with respect to chloropyromorphite in the PW-amended soils. Our results suggest that the use of plant in combination with PW as a Pb immobilizing amendment attenuated downward Pb leaching and altered Pb species to more geochemically stable phases.     

新疆喀什地区乡村地震人员伤亡矩阵与对比研究

在搜集研究区地震人员伤亡资料的基础上,采用最小二乘法建立了乡村地震人员伤亡矩阵,为该 地区未来地震灾害人员伤亡的预测和快速评估提供了依据,并与国内相关研究结果进行了对比,分析 了其差异的原因与特点。     

基于协调发展视角的区域发展差异研究——以江苏省为例

20世纪90年代以来,区域差异研究成为学术界和政府管理者关注的热点领域.长期以来学者们主要以单一经济指标或复合经济指标作为衡量因子,分析区域经济差异时空演变及差异背后的自然、社会、经济驱动机理.从可持续发展的角度看,区域发展不单是区域经济的发展,而应是社会、经济与资源环境三方面的协调.基于这一理解,从可持续协调发展人手,建立了区域发展综合评价指标体系,选取了表征社会进步、经济发展和资源环境支持3个方面的27个因素作为评价指标,分析了区域综合发展的测算方法,提出了综合发展指数和发展协调指数.在案例分析中运用所设计的测度方法对江苏省内县级行政单位的综合发展进行了评价和分析.     

基于HJＧ１B数据的武汉市LST反演及热环境分析

以HJ 1B CCD/IRS4为主要数据源,采用单窗算法,反演了武汉市夏季高温代表日的地表温度,并用MODIS地表温度产品对反演结果进行了验证。在此基础上,提取热场变异复合指数来分析城市热岛空间分布特征,给出了城市热岛效应的定量化描述,并就不同下垫面对热岛效应的影响进行了研究。结果如下：（1）武汉城市热岛呈现整体上交错分布而局部小聚集的不规则特点,大热岛之中存在一些温度更高的小热岛;（2）武汉市2009~2012年夏季高温日平均LST为30611 K,多数城区温度达到309～317 K;（3）主城区热场变异复合指数均超过了0015,表现为较强－极强的热岛效应;6个等级的热岛效应强度的面积比例依次下降,而对应的LST平均值则逐渐升高;(4)不同地表覆盖类型LST相差较大,其在地表类型面积构成中的比例不同。研究成果可为城市热环境监测与生态评价提供科学依据     

基于“三重一高”的工科专业实践教学体系构建与实践——以安全工程专业实践教学为例

实践教学是大学培养的重要环节,有利于培养学生的创新能力和应用能力,为培养符合社会发展需求的综合素质高的工科专业人才,基于"三重一高"的思想,构建工科专业"三位一体"的实践教学体系,包括基于系统化的基础实践教学、基于工程化的专业技能实训教学和基于综合化的专业素质培育教学三个方面,并将其思想应用于安全工程专业实践教学建设。