Characteristics of gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor and dye decoloration efficiency

The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment. Methyl Orange (MO) dye wastewater was chosen as the target object. Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor, parameter optimization, and the degradation mechanism. The following results were obtained. The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma. The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time, peak voltage, and pulse frequency. When the initial conductivity was 1700 μS/cm, the decoloration rate was the highest. The optimum distance between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm, the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm, and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm, respectively. The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen > air> argon > nitrogen, and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh.     

Bacterial community succession during the enrichment of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria at high arsenic concentrations

To generate cost-effective technologies for the removal of arsenic from water, we developed an enrichment culture of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria (CAOs) that could effectively oxidize widely ranging concentrations of As(III) to As(V). In addition, we attempted to elucidate the enrichment process and characterize the microbial composition of the enrichment culture. A CAOs enrichment culture capable of stably oxidizing As(III) to As(V) was successfully constructed through repeated batch cultivation for more than 700 days, during which time the initial As(III) concentrations were increased in a stepwise manner from 1 to 10-12 mmol/L. As(III) oxidation activity of the enrichment culture gradually improved, and 10-12 mmol/L As(III) was almost completely oxidized within four days. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the enrichment culture varied drastically during the enrichment process depending on the As(III) concentration. Isolation and characterization of bacteria in the enrichment culture revealed that the presence of multiple CAOs with various As(III) oxidation abilities enabled the culture to adapt to a wide range of As(III) concentrations. The CAOs enrichment culture constructed here may be useful for pretreatment of water from which arsenic is being removed.     

微生物燃料电池用于废水能源化的研究进展

微生物燃料电池能将废水中有机物的化学能转换成电能,在完成污染去除的同时实现能量回收,是一种新型的环境生物电化学技术。文章介绍了微生物燃料电池的工作原理,系统地总结了微生物燃料电池的技术体系构成要素,从电极构造、产电微生物、质子交换膜、反应器设计等方面阐述了微生物燃料电池研究现状与存在问题。针对微生物燃料电池在未来工程应用要求,指出反应器构型设计、生物电化学技术耦合等为未来研究重点。     

天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系研究

通过对天津滨海新区环境监测现状进行客观分析,并结合国内外先进的环境监测体系运行体制和监测技术,以及滨海新区发展规划、经济与环境发展的新需求,提出了构建天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系的基本框架,将逐步以"三个说清"为目标,全面提升滨海新区环境监测综合能力和水平,最终建立了天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系。该研究对防范环境污染和突发事故的发生,保障天津滨海新区生态环境安全具有重要意义。     

长三角地区生态环境与城市化发展的区域分异性研究

城市群已成为全球竞争与国际分工的全新地域单元,评估和判断城市群生态环境质量及其与城市化发展的时空分异特征对实现区域可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。基于生态环境状况指数计算方法,对"十一五"期间(2005~2010年)长三角地区生态环境质量的基本特征和时空格局进行定量分析。并以其25个城市为研究单元,对"人口—经济"视角下的城市化水平与区域生态环境的发展关系和区域分异进行探讨。结果显示:"十一五"期间长三角地区整体生态环境质量均属"良",空间分布大致以上海—苏锡常—南京为界,呈南高北低中间差的特征。2010年较2005年生态环境状况稳中有好,浙江省和沪宁沿线的大部分城市生态环境质量有所改善,政策调控下的污染物排放减少是其好转的主要原因。"十一五"期间长三角地区各城市生态环境与城市化发展呈现不同的发展轨迹,发展类型以可持续型为主,而以苏北五市为代表的少数城市则表现为生态脆弱型。     

基于土地利用视角下的施秉云台山地区生态健康诊断

以施秉云台山地区为研究对象,以1973、1993、1999、2010年四期TM、ALOS遥感影像为基础数据,提取研究区土地利用信息,在此基础上,根据基于压力-状态-响应模型(PSR模型)构建土地生态健康评价指标体系,建立具有地域特色的土地生态健康综合评价模型,利用熵权法确定指标权重,运用多级模糊综合评判模型计算研究区土地生态健康综合指数,并初步分析施秉云台山地区土地生态健康的影响因素。结果表明:(1)1973~2010年耕地、草地面积呈减少的变化趋势,灌木林地面积呈增加的变化趋势,无植被覆盖地面积先增加后减少(1973~1993增加,1993~2010年减少),水域面积波动剧烈,变化趋势不明显;(2)研究时段研究区土地生态健康状况并不佳,土地生态健康综合指数得分不高,且呈先增大再减小的变化趋势,土地生态健康等级位于亚健康与病态之间。该研究以期为施秉云台山地区生态保护提供依据。     

长江三角洲地区城市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析

为研究长三角地区城市O3污染特征及其影响因素,对长三角地区25个城市2013年国家环境监测点位和国家气象台数据进行了统计分析.结果表明:除淮安外,其余24个城市均存在不同程度的O3日超标现象,超标率在1.6%~15.1%之间,平均为5.8%,低于珠三角地区(8.9%)和京津冀地区(9.7%).5—8月是长三角地区O3污染最为严重的月份,而这一时期颗粒物污染相对较轻,因此,O3与颗粒物污染在时间上呈相反的态势.从空间分布看,长三角地区O3污染呈现较为明显的连片分布特征,上海及周边城市O3污染较重.机动车数量影响城市O3污染:各城市民用汽车保有量与各城市NO2年均浓度、O3超标天数有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.672和0.564;每日O3小时浓度高峰值与车流量高峰基本吻合.高温、长时间日照容易出现O3浓度的高值;随着相对湿度、风速的增加,O3超标频率和浓度均值都表现为先升后降的规律.