结合Origion软件分析腐蚀对LY12CZ铝合金疲劳性能影响

利用Origion软件拟合试验数据,通过对实验数据的拟合得出腐蚀对LY12CZ铝合金疲劳性能的影响,以及材料常数随腐蚀的变化关系.拟合结果与实际理论相吻合.     

国防科技工业自然环境试验站网运行及管理探讨

通过对国内外自然环境试验的管理现状和发展趋势的分析,结合国防科技工业自然环境试验站网实际情况进行深入研究,已初步形成国防站网运行、管理基本体系,形成了一套较为系统的站网管理评价办法.其中政策支持是基础,运行机制、站网管理、共享机制、服务模式、站网评价是核心.重点对目前管理较为薄弱的核心内容进行了介绍.     

双绞线在EMP下的终端响应分析

研究了双绞线的场线耦合模型,对外部电磁脉冲以及双绞线进行了建模.研究了在电磁脉冲激励下双绞线的终端响应.基于传输线理论,使用场线耦合模型,在远场强电磁脉冲入射的情况下,求解了电磁脉冲干扰信号耦合对双绞线终端的响应.最后,分析了不同终端阻抗对双绞线终端响应的影响.     

城市污水三污泥系统自养脱氮与强化生物除磷

采用"A/O除磷+半亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮"三污泥系统,实现了城市污水营养物经济高效去除.结果表明,在水力停留时间(HRT)为3.6h条件下,A/O除磷系统出水总磷(TP)≤0.5mg/L;在常温、DO0.2mg/L和HRT=4.6h条件下,半亚硝化系统实现了亚硝氮累积率为75%～96%的半亚硝化;在温度为27～30℃和HRT=1.4h条件下,厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)系统出水总氮(TN)≤8mg/L,最低值为1.6mg/L,TN去除负荷达到0.57kg/(m3·d).三污泥系统中聚磷菌、氨氧化菌和ANAMMOX菌均在各自适宜的环境条件下生存,优化了污泥种群,提高了各工艺单元的处理效率.城市污水自养脱氮系统理论上可以减少62.5%的供氧量,节省100%反硝化碳源,同时降低了污泥产量,大大减少了CO2的排放.与传统的生物脱氮除磷工艺相比,三污泥系统具有节能降耗减排上的巨大优势和潜力,也有利于实现水资源的循环利用和可持续发展.     

天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系研究

通过对天津滨海新区环境监测现状进行客观分析,并结合国内外先进的环境监测体系运行体制和监测技术,以及滨海新区发展规划、经济与环境发展的新需求,提出了构建天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系的基本框架,将逐步以"三个说清"为目标,全面提升滨海新区环境监测综合能力和水平,最终建立了天津滨海新区环境监测预警体系。该研究对防范环境污染和突发事故的发生,保障天津滨海新区生态环境安全具有重要意义。     

微生物燃料电池用于废水能源化的研究进展

微生物燃料电池能将废水中有机物的化学能转换成电能,在完成污染去除的同时实现能量回收,是一种新型的环境生物电化学技术。文章介绍了微生物燃料电池的工作原理,系统地总结了微生物燃料电池的技术体系构成要素,从电极构造、产电微生物、质子交换膜、反应器设计等方面阐述了微生物燃料电池研究现状与存在问题。针对微生物燃料电池在未来工程应用要求,指出反应器构型设计、生物电化学技术耦合等为未来研究重点。     

Bacterial community succession during the enrichment of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria at high arsenic concentrations

To generate cost-effective technologies for the removal of arsenic from water, we developed an enrichment culture of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria (CAOs) that could effectively oxidize widely ranging concentrations of As(III) to As(V). In addition, we attempted to elucidate the enrichment process and characterize the microbial composition of the enrichment culture. A CAOs enrichment culture capable of stably oxidizing As(III) to As(V) was successfully constructed through repeated batch cultivation for more than 700 days, during which time the initial As(III) concentrations were increased in a stepwise manner from 1 to 10-12 mmol/L. As(III) oxidation activity of the enrichment culture gradually improved, and 10-12 mmol/L As(III) was almost completely oxidized within four days. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the enrichment culture varied drastically during the enrichment process depending on the As(III) concentration. Isolation and characterization of bacteria in the enrichment culture revealed that the presence of multiple CAOs with various As(III) oxidation abilities enabled the culture to adapt to a wide range of As(III) concentrations. The CAOs enrichment culture constructed here may be useful for pretreatment of water from which arsenic is being removed.     

Characteristics of gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor and dye decoloration efficiency

The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment. Methyl Orange (MO) dye wastewater was chosen as the target object. Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor, parameter optimization, and the degradation mechanism. The following results were obtained. The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma. The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time, peak voltage, and pulse frequency. When the initial conductivity was 1700 μS/cm, the decoloration rate was the highest. The optimum distance between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm, the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm, and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm, respectively. The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen > air> argon > nitrogen, and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh.     

手动单兵海水淡化器的制淡实验研究

文章采用DB-Ⅰ型手动单兵海水淡化器对实验室配制盐水与几种实际海水进行脱盐实验,结果表明:盐水的含盐量与温度是影响操作压力、淡水量及水质的主要因素。盐水的含盐量越大,操作压力就越大,淡水的含盐量也越高;盐水的温度越低,淡水的含盐量也越低,但操作压力反而越大。从盐水的含盐量与温度对淡水量的影响来看,含盐量1%～4%的只相差0.3%,10～35℃时约相差7%;通过膜法一级反渗透即可获取符合GB5749-2006标准的饮用水。     

城市污水连续流半亚硝化实现维持机理与工艺创新研究

常温(20～29℃)限氧条件下(DO0.2mg·mL-1),以城市污水A/O除磷工艺处理出水为原水,在推流式好氧反应器中,考察了城市污水连续流半亚硝化实现维持的内在机制与影响因素,开发了一套新型半亚硝化工艺运行模式.试验结果表明,接种污泥性质、反应器污泥浓度(MLSS)和单级反应器好氧/缺氧交替内循环的运行方式是城市污水实现维持半亚硝化的关键影响因素.随着回流比的加大,亚硝氮累积率持续稳定上升,试验获得亚硝氮累积率平均为85%,最高达到96%.长期在低DO条件下运行,污泥沉降性能良好,SVI值在70～110mL.g-1.半亚硝化工艺出水NO2--N/NH4+-N平均为1.0,可为城市污水的厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)提供合适的进水基质.试验后期,总氮(TN)去除率达到50%,批量实验证实去除途经为厌氧氨氧化,这一试验结果为开发低氨氮城市污水同步半亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺提供了研究基础.