燃煤电厂排放总气态汞连续自动监测技术的选择

介绍了汞连续排放监测系统和汞吸附管采样系统的主要特点,比较了不同仪器的测定原理、样品处理技术、检出限和测定汞的形态,报道了美国环境保护署认证中心关于两个系统的认证结果.建议将汞连续排放监测系统与汞吸附管监测系统两种技术联合用于我国燃煤电厂排放总气态汞的自动监测.     

溇水上游古堰塞湖的发现及其水电工程意义

对溇水上游河湾岩溶渗漏研究中,在湘鄂交界的溇水河谷,发现了大型古滑坡体和堰塞湖沉积粘土层并对其进行了研究。对古滑坡体和堰塞湖作了简要介绍,对一些主要问题进行初步讨论和分析。古滑坡体约2000×104 m3,进入河道长度大于 1000 m;湖相沉积层厚度大于48 m,最大出露高程2841 m,根据14C测试,古堰塞湖形成于 10760±130~16880±250 a BP。通过分析认为堰塞湖水位大于285 m,堰塞湖沉积粘土层中出露的高硫酸盐地下水与当时沉积环境和粘土层本身无直接联系,沿河两岸粘土层产状变化可能与再次滑坡有关联;该研究成果对当前水电工程建设和研究溇水河流发育史、现代江河灾难性地质灾害的形成演化具有一定参考价值     

Novel enzymatic activity of cell free extract from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 catalyzes reductive cleavage of diaryl ether bonds of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

We characterized the ability of the cell free extract from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins degrading bacterium Geobacillus sp. UZO 3 to reduce even highly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins such as octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in incineration fly ash. The degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) as a model dioxin catalyzed by the cell free extract from this strain implicates that the ether bonds of 2,7-DCDD molecule undergo reductive cleavage, since 4′,5-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether and 4-chlorophenol were detected as intermediate products of 2,7-DCDD degradation.     

Residues of pharmaceutical products in recycled organic manure produced from sewage sludge and solid waste from livestock and relationship to their fermentation level

In recent years, sludge generated in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and solid waste from livestock being utilized is useful for circulation of nourishment in farmlands as recycled organic manure (ROM). In this study, we determined the residue levels and patterns of 12 pharmaceutical products generated by human activity in the ROMs produced from human waste sludge (HWS), sewage sludge (SS), cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), swine manure (SM) and horse manure (HM).The kind and number of pharmaceutical products detected in ROMs were different. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected at high levels in HWS and SS samples. In addition, the detection frequency and concentration levels of sulfonamides (SAs) in PM and SM were high. Moreover, high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) were found in only SM. These differences reflect specific adherence adsorption of the pharmaceutical products to different livestock and humans. Moreover, it was found that the concentrations of pharmaceutical products and fermentation levels of ROMs had significant positive correlation (r = 0.41, p = 0.024).When the fermentation test of ROM was conducted in a rotary fermentor in a lab scale test, the residue levels of pharmaceutical products decreased effectively except carbamazepine (CBZ). The rates of decrease were in the case of tetracyclines (TCs): 85-92%, FQs: 81-100%, erythromycine: 67%, SAs: 79-95%, trimethoprim: 86% and CBZ: 37% by 30 d. Pharmaceutical products that can be decomposed by fermentation process at the lowest impact of residual antibiotic activities may therefore be considered as environmentally friendly medicines.     

小麦异源细胞质遗传效应的比较研究

本文以稳定的同核异质异核杂种小麦为材料,对小麦属和山羊草属的细胞质遗传效应进行了比较研究,分析了异源细胞质遗传疚的特点,并初步筛选出了一批在小麦雄性不育性应用中以及在小麦核质杂种优势利用中有价值的细胞质材料。     

解决炼钢闭路循环水水温超设计值的对策

针对武钢一炼钢闭路循环水水温超设计值,影响正常生产的现状,从工艺、水质控制的调查、分析入手,提出了有效的对策措施,并加以实施,取得了较好效果,可为同类系统的水质控制提供参考.     

复合絮凝剂对餐饮污水的处理

研究不同无机絮凝剂对餐饮污水的处理效果,发现Al/Si摩尔比为3∶1的聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)对餐饮废水处理效果较好,确定其最佳操作条件,包括pH值,加药量,搅拌速度及沉降时间。再将最佳絮凝剂与PAM复配,确定最佳复配条件,以期提高COD的去除率。同时通过微电泳仪,倒置显微镜等现代分析仪器对废水和絮凝剂电性特征、絮体的形状进行对比研究,从电中和和吸附桥联角度初步探讨絮凝机理。     

大功率风机流率现场标定的试验研究

为了对烟气控制进行研究,中国科学技术大学大空间火灾实验厅安装了三台大功率固定转速风机和一台变频调速风机,但风机的实际流率和变速风机流率与频率的关系没有通过系统地测定。该研究采用三种实验方案测量了定速风机的排烟速率以及变速风机排烟速率与频率的关系,得到定速风机的排烟速率为13．5m^3/s,比风机出厂流率稍小;变速风机流率与频率之间关系为：Q＝0．18＋0．268f。     

利用含砷氧化锌尘制备活性氧化锌

用NH3-（NH4）2SO4溶液浸取处理含砷氧化锌尘,可彻底清除砷,制备出合格的活性氧化锌。对于含砷质量分类为1%-2%的原料,产品中所含砷质量分数可降至0.0005%以下。该方法具有除砷彻底,不易产生二次污染的优点,为含砷氧化锌尘的综合利用提供了一种新方法。     

隧道集中排烟模式下火灾数值模拟研究

运用火灾动态模拟软件FDS对采用独立排烟道集中排烟的隧道火灾进行了模拟.通过研究12种不同排烟阀开启方案下隧道内的烟气温度和蔓延规律,得出了排烟阀设置参数对集中排烟模式控烟效果的影响,提出了排烟阀设置的优化方案的参考参数.结果表明,排烟阀的开启个数、间距、单个面积等参数是共同作用影响隧道内的温度和烟气蔓延的.当排烟阀开启8个,间距25 m,单个排烟阀面积为8 m2或排烟阀开启6个,间距25 m,单个排烟阀面积为8 m2时,隧道排烟系统的控烟效果较好.