Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4 +-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4 +-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4 + molar ratio (Mg/N) and the initial NH4 +-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4 + and CO3 2??/NH4 + molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3 2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4 +-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3 2??/N), (pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4 +-N recovery.     

交通拥堵对TSP排放的影响分析

在上海市杨浦区军工路部分路段采集TSP浓度、气压、温度、分车型车流量、区段车速、信号配时等数据,通过多元回归方法分析小型车交通量,大型车交通量,拖挂车交通量及区段车速对TSP浓度的影响,建立起TSP浓度与上述交通变量的函数关系,并通过AIMSUN交通仿真软件以及基础采集数据,建立军工路路网,模拟四种交通拥堵状况(重度拥堵,中度拥堵,轻度拥堵,基本畅通)的产生和消散过程。综合分析路段交通拥堵对道路TSP排放和分布的影响。分析整理得出道路TSP小时排放总量和拥堵程度成正比关系,且TSP污染主要集中在车辆拥挤怠速的部分,车辆拥挤排队的队尾部分是TSP排放源强最高、源强增长最快的区域,增长率达到240%～290%。     

酵母融合菌对Cr的吸附性能及机理分析

研究了酵母融合菌R32对Cr的吸附性能及机理.结果表明,该菌对Cr(Ⅵ)有着很好的吸附效果,最佳吸附条件为pH≤3,投菌量为l0g/L(含水率(78±2)%),吸附温度30～35℃,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度≤20mg/L.当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度为10mg/L时,总铬及Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达93.7%和96.5%,总铬的残留浓...     

化学沉淀法处理线路板厂络合铜废水实验研究

为解决某线路板厂络合铜废水达标排放的问题,模拟该厂络合铜废水处理的工艺条件,采用硫酸亚铁和硫化钠相结合的化学沉淀法进行小试,通过正交实验确定最佳药剂投加量.结果表明,影响络合铜废水处理效果的各因素的重要性顺序依次为pH、PAM、FeSO4·7H2O、LIME、Na2S;处理500mL络合铜废水的最佳的操作条件是废水初始...     

一种快腐菌剂在堆肥制作中的应用研究

在接种和未接种条件下,研究了一种菌剂YD-KFI对堆肥制作效果.结果发现,接种该菌剂加快堆肥升温速度、提高最高温度、延长高温维持时间;堆肥制作的升温期和高温期,接种菌剂分别促进了淀粉、可溶性糖和粗纤维等物质的降解,加快了堆肥的腐熟进程.采用PCR-DGGE方法,分析该菌剂对堆肥制作不同阶段微生物群落的影响,发现在堆肥制...     

上吸式生物质气化炉焦油成分的分析

文章在10 KWth上吸式生物质气化炉上进行木屑的气化实验,通过改变床层高度和气化剂空气的量,将产生的生物质焦油进行取样。经GC-MS分析得出上吸式气化炉焦油的主要成分为初级和二级焦油,其中以酚类焦油所占比重最多,大约为总量的38%~60%;在同样床高的条件下,随着空气量的增加,酚类焦油含量有所降低,但仍然是焦油中比重较大的。     

三峡库区(重庆-宜昌段)沉积物中钒的污染特征及生态风险评价

为全面了解三峡库区(重庆—宜昌段)干支流沉积物中钒的含量水平、空间分布、赋存形态、污染程度,在三峡库区采集水体沉积物样品67个,测定了沉积物中钒的含量及其化学赋存形态,并采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行分析和评价.结果表明:1三峡库区研究区范围内沉积物中钒的含量范围为89.4~175.2 mg·kg-1,平均值为123.7 mg·kg-1,略高于长江沉积物背景值;2库区沉积物中钒的空间分布特征主要呈现库区干流含量大于支流,干流下游沉积物中钒含量高于上游;3沉积物中钒含量的极值点出现在较发达县(区)附近,考虑其来源可能是人为源汇入;4库区沉积物中钒的赋存形态主要以残渣态为主,所占质量分数为80%~89%,并与总量呈现显著正相关关系;5沉积物中钒污染程度较小,潜在环境危害影响较弱.     

基于快速聚类方法分析常州市区PM2.5的统计特性

运用统计方法研究常州市区2013~2014年6个国控点六项基本污染物(SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_3、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))月平均浓度变化,结果表明,除O_3外,其它五项污染物月平均浓度夏季较低冬季较高.颗粒物与风速之间的关系为PM_(2.5)浓度随风速的升高一直降低,PM_(10)随风速的升高浓度先降低后升高.采用快速聚类分析(k-means)并运用SWV和DIV指数对六项基本污染物进行分类,得到4个样本分类.与依据颗粒物化学成分或粒径谱对PM进行源解析方法不同,本研究更多是从PM_(2.5)与其它污染物相关关系以及污染程度等角度按照欧式距离进行分类.不同类中PM_(2.5)来源明显不同,类1中PM_(2.5)与化石燃料燃烧排放密切相关,类2与O_3密切相关,类3与城市不完全燃烧排放、区域灰霾污染密切相关,类4可以归类于城市"背景"类.快速聚类分析结果也表明常州市区PM_(2.5)有着复杂的来源.     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.     

CALPUFF模型在某露天煤矿煤尘模拟中的应用

煤炭露天开采是我国煤炭生产的主要方法,为了验证CALPUFF模型在露天开采中,对煤尘浓度的模拟情况,本文耦合使用MM5/CALMET及CALPUFF软件,对某露天煤矿煤尘浓度进行模拟,并与监测值进行对比分析,发现监测值和模拟值的相关系数最高可达0.88,说明模拟值具有较高可信度.