潮汐对强潮河口引水造成的城市河道淤积影响

为解决强潮河口区引水造成的城市河道淤积问题,以杭州市某泵站为例,根据历时1年的实测资料,分析r引水含沙量的变化特征,揭示了引水含沙量在半日潮周期、半月潮周期和1年中的变化规律,以及随潮汐变化的关系.研究表明,强潮河口区引水应顺从潮汐变化规律,控制高含沙量时段的引水是减少河道淤积的关键,并据此提出了引水须遵循的一般原则.     

两汉时期长安与洛阳都城水旱灾害对比研究

通过对两汉时期长安与洛阳都城水旱灾害发生频率的统计,发现从西汉初年（公元前202年）至东汉末年（公元220年）的400多年里,水旱灾害发生频率具有如下明显的特点：（1）不论是长安还是洛阳地区,作为都城时期,水旱灾害的发生频率都远远高于其非都城时期;（2）对于长安或洛阳同一地区来说,水旱灾害的发生具有同步性,即同一个地区,水灾多的时期旱灾也多。根据分析,导致以上结果的主要原因是,由于都城人口增加,社会经济发展对于土地的需求量增大,城市建设向着靠近河流低地及易涝、易淹没地区扩展,遇到河流涨水就会成灾。另外,由于都城建设及人口增加,在都城及其周围,各种自然资源的开发利用和消耗大幅度的增长,对城市周边生态环境的干扰破坏也大大加重,造成生态环境迅速恶化,也是导致长安与洛阳地区在作为都城的时期水旱灾害频繁发生的重要因素。     

电除尘器总体设计优化的研究

分析研究了火电厂烟尘排放标准、煤种、飞灰特性和锅炉运行等对电除尘器总体设计的影响;对总体设计中的主要技术参数如电场风速、板间距、线间距、驱进速度等进行了优化选择;研究了高比电阻和高含尘浓度烟气条件下本体结构的优化选型;通过实验研究,提出了最佳线间距,防风型电晕极和减弱反电晕的板线匹配,为电除尘器的设计和运行提供借鉴.     

二氧化碳活化对蜂窝活性炭制备及其性能的影响

在以糠醛渣碳粉、粘土、酚醛树脂和羧甲基纤维素制备了蜂窝碳产品并炭化的基础上,研究了CO2活化制取蜂窝活性炭产品时活化温度、活化时间、CO2流量的影响,得出了最佳制备条件是活化温度850℃、活化时间150min、CO2流量150ml／min,并就蜂窝活性炭产品的脱硫性能及流体力学性能与其它形态活性炭进行了对比。结果表明,蜂窝活性炭的脱硫率及累积脱硫量较高,压降较低。     

安徽琅琊山石蒜属植物分布及开发应用

根据对安徽省琅琊山石蒜属植物资源的调查、研究和鉴定,阐述了琅琊山石蒜属植物资源的种类、生境分布、药用价值及园林利用价值,为进一步开发利用该属植物提出了建议。     

Hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins in red alga and cyanobacteria living in the Baltic Sea

Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) are present in the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. OH-PBDEs are known to be both natural products from marine environments and metabolites of the anthropogenic polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), whereas, MeO-PBDEs appear to be solely natural in origin. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) are by-products formed in connection with the combustion of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), but are also indicated as natural products in a red alga (Ceramium tenuicorne) and blue mussels living in the Baltic Sea. The aims of the present investigation were to quantify the OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs present in C. tenuicorne; to verify the identities of PBDDs detected previously in this species of red alga and to investigate whether cyanobacteria living in this same region of the Baltic Sea contain OH-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs and/or PBDDs. The red alga was confirmed to contain tribromodibenzo-p-dioxins (triBDDs), by accurate mass determination and additional PBDD congeners were also detected in this sample. This is the first time that PBDDs have been identified in a red alga. The SigmaOH-PBDEs and SigmaMeO-PBDEs concentrations, present in C. tenuicorne were 150 and 4.6 ng g(-1) dry weight, respectively. In the cyanobacteria 6 OH-PBDEs, 6 MeO-PBDEs and 4 PBDDs were detected by mass spectrometry (electron capture negative ionization (ECNI)). The PBDDs and OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs detected in the red alga and cyanobacteria are most likely of natural origin.     

防烟面罩的研究

针对森林火灾对扑火人员的生命和健康构成严重危害的实际情况,采用高新技术、高分子透明耐高温罩体材料和带静电的超细纤维过滤材料,经粘合加工技术,研制成功了森林消防专用的多功能防护器具--防烟面罩,可以增强使用者的自防自救能力,减少或避免伤亡事故的发生.     

麻风树果壳活性炭表面分形维数的实验研究

在温度77K条件下对化学活化法制备的几种麻风树果壳活性炭进行N2吸附-脱附实验研究,得到了孔结构参数.并利用等温吸附数据分析了活性炭的分维.研究了不同碱炭比(R)条件下得到的活性炭的表面特征、孔结构和特征吸附能.结果表明,麻风树果壳活性炭含有分形特征,分形维数在2～3之间.在多层吸附早期阶段和高度覆盖期所得的分形维数不同,但变化趋势基本一致,随着R的增加而增大.R=4时,分形维数最大,分别为2.619和2.993.活性炭的分形维数与活性炭的比表面积、孔容、碘吸附值和微孔相对含量基本一致,可以用来表征微孔的发育程度.     

ICP-MS碰撞反应池技术测定地表水中Fe、As、Se

本文提出了用ICP-MS碰撞反应池技术(CCT)测定地表水中Fe、As、Se的分析方法,对方法的检出限、精密度和准确度进行了测定,并对实际样品进行了分析,方法具有快速、简便、能同时分析多元素等优点.     

Maternal and cord serum exposure to PCB and DDE methyl sulfone metabolites in eastern Slovakia

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were commercially produced between 1959 and 1984 in eastern Slovakia. Improper handling led to a highly contaminated local environment and high levels of PCBs in humans and wildlife in the Michalovce area. The aim of this study was to analyse serum for methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCB (MeSO(2)-PCBs) and DDE (3-MeSO(2)-DDE) in serum samples from pregnant women and in a selected number of paired cord blood samples to assess maternal sulfone levels and patterns, and transplacental transfer of these metabolites. The donating women were from two districts in eastern Slovakia. A liquid-liquid extraction method together with separation of substance groups and further clean-up on silica gel columns were applied prior to analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 3-MeSO(2)-DDE was the major methyl sulfone in most of the samples followed by a yet not identified MeSO(2)-hexaCB, 4'-MeSO(2)-CB101, 4'-MeSO(2)-CB87 and 4-MeSO(2)-CB149. The women from the contaminated area had three times higher concentrations of the MeSO(2)-PCBs than women from the reference area. This is the first report on methyl sulfone metabolites of PCB and DDE in human cord serum. It is shown that these metabolites are transported through the placenta. The levels of MeSO(2)-PCBs in the maternal serum were about 1.5 times higher than in the corresponding cord serum on a lipid weight basis. For 3-MeSO(2)-DDE, the levels were about the same in maternal and cord serum. The difference in the maternal:cord ratio, comparing MeSO(2)-PCBs with 3-MeSO(2)-DDE might be due to differences in transport through the placenta caused by their different affinities for lipoproteins and plasma proteins.