Aqueous oxytetracycline degradation and the toxicity change of degradation compounds in photoirradiation process

The extensive use of antibiotics has been a worldwide environmental issue.In this study the fate of oxytetracycline (OTC),under photoirradiation,was investigated.The results showed that OTC photolysis followed first order model kinetics.Direct photolysis rate was found to be dependent on the initial OTC concentration,with k value ranging from 0.0075 to 0.0141 min~(-1),in the OTC concentration from 40 to 10 mg/L.OTC photolysis was highly pH-dependent and strongly enhanced at a high pH value,with a k value...     

海藻生物吸附废水中铅、铜和镉的研究

对几种大型海藻作国吸附剂，吸附重金属废水中Ｐｂ＾＠＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋的吸附容量和吸附速度进行了研究，得出了它们对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＝平衡吸附的等温曲线。实验表明，海藻的最大吸附容量在０．８～１．６ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ（干重）之间，吸附容量比其他种类的生物体高得多。吸附速度较快，１０ｍｉｎ内，重金属从溶液中的去除率可达到９０％。实验结果还表明，大型海藻适合于发展成为高效的生物吸附材料用     

Phosphorus sorption capacities in a headstream landscape The pond chain structure

Understanding phosphorus sorption phenomena in different wetland sediments is important in controlling the P output in headstream watersheds. The pond chain structure （PCS） is widespread in the headstream agricultural watersheds in the southeast of China. Phosphorus sorption characteristics were determined for pond surface sediments （0-12 cm） along a pond chain structure in Liuchahe watershed of Chaohu Lake. Results showed that P sorption capacities （expressed by P sorption index （PSI）） varied both with the landscape position of the ponds and sediment depth. From foothill ponds to riverside ponds the P sorption capacities indicated a significant gradient variability. The higher elevation ponds showed greater sorption capacities, and with the pond elevation decline, P sorption capacities gradually decreased. Some physico-chemical properties, such as pH, oxalate-extractable Fe （Feox）, organic matter （TOC） and Mehlich l-extractable Ca, Mg of pond sediments also indicated significant gradient variability from high elevation ponds to low elevation ponds. Feox was the sediment parameters most highly positively correlated with PSI and was the key factor in controlling P sorption capacity in the pond chain structure （r=0.92, p〈0.001）. Long-term hydrologic and sediment inputs can affect the distribution of sediment constituents and further affect the P sorption capacity. Making the best of the spatial difference of sorption capacities of ponds in watersheds to control nonpoint source P pollutant is necessary.     

新安江水库夏季CDOM吸收光谱特征及来源分析

为探讨夏季新安江水库有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收光谱特征、空间分布及潜在来源,于2013年7月份在新安江水库采集了53个表层水样,分析了CDOM吸收系数a(350)、比吸收系数a*(350)和光谱斜率S值的空间分布规律及CDOM吸收系数与水质参数的相关关系.结果表明:通过系统聚类分析,夏季新安江水库CDOM吸收系数空间分布可划为3类,吸收系数大小呈现出A类区(西北河流区)>B类区(库心区及东北库区)>C类区(西南库区及东南库区)的规律,空间分布与CDOM比吸收系数相似而与S值相异.CDOM吸收系数a(350)与叶绿素a(Chla)浓度、浮游植物吸收系数及悬浮物浓度存在极显著性正线性相关,表明夏季新安江水库CDOM主要来源于浮游植物新陈代谢及降解产物.     

2株球形棕囊藻溶藻细菌的分离及鉴定

从珠海赤潮海水中分离出2株溶藻细菌Y01和Y04,对球形棕囊藻均有显著的溶藻效果.结果表明,溶藻细菌Y01和Y04均为革兰氏阳性菌,对球形棕囊藻的溶解作用时间为6 d.借助显微镜及扫描电镜等观察Y01和Y04溶藻过程,发现2株溶藻细菌的溶藻方式均为直接裂解藻细胞.溶藻细菌Y01和Y04的16S rDNA系列分析表明,溶...     

复垦矿区土壤有机碳和微生物活性变化及其解析

以适当比例混合煤矸石、粉煤灰和活性污泥并种植黑麦草构建植物-矿区复合基质体系,测试复合基质有机碳及酶活性变化,利用群落水平生理结构(CLPP)对复合基质微生物功能多样性进行解析,分析了矿区复合基质中有机碳动态变化及其与酶活性、微生物多样性关系。结果表明:植物-矿区复合基质体系3种基质中有机碳随复垦年限增长而增加,且在第3年煤矸石+粉煤灰+污泥(F+G+S)区有机碳达到最大,分别是煤矸石+粉煤灰(F+G)区和对照区的1.1和1.2倍。3个复垦区域复合基质中蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶酶活性随复垦时间增长而增加。微生物多样性CLPP解析结果表明,微生物种类在复垦1年时最多,微生物优势度和均一性随复垦时间逐渐变大;同时3个区域基质微生物多样性与营养元素相关性不大,可能有机碳可获得性低成为微生物生长的限制因子。     

Two alternative modes for di use pollution control in Wuhan City Zoo

Pollution in urban zoos arises from diffuse and small point sources. However, its control has received little attention in past decades. Online and ofttine modes of ecological engineering technology were designed to control pollution from small point and diffuse sources in Wuhan City Zoo, China. Their characteristics and performances were investigated in sixteen runoff events from 2003 to 2005. The results showed that the two modes both improved runoff water quality and had high retention rates for water and pollutants. In the outflows, the event mean concentrations （EMCs） of total suspended solids （TSS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were reduced by 88%, 59%, 46% and 71% for the online mode, and those were 77%, 42%, 50% and 66% for the ofttine mode. The annual retention rates of pollutant loads for the online mode were 94.9%-98.5% in the three study years; those for the ofitine mode were 70.5%-86.4%. Based on calculation, the online mode was able to store the runoff of 66.7 mm rainfall completely, and the ofttine mode could store that of 31.3 mm rainfall. In addition, the online mode can provide an effective way for rainwater utilization and good habitats for aquatic wildlives, and has an excellent aesthetics value for recreationsal pastimes. The ofiline mode can save land resources and may be an effective and economical measure for diffuse pollution control in urban areas.     

土壤环境中肠道致病菌的多重PCR检测研究初探

建立同时检测大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏志贺氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌等5种土壤常见肠道致病菌的多重PCR检测技术,为这些肠道致病菌感染的快速诊断提供实验依据.根据这些肠道病原菌的毒素基因、高度保守基因及特异性基因分别合成5对特异性引物,应用PCR扩增技术对目的菌株进行特异性检测.实验结果表明,5对寡核苷酸引物都具有较高的特异性和专一性,多重PCR检测限达到104cfu·g-1.多重PCR应用于土壤样品分析,极大的缩短了检测时间(仅需3～4h)、降低了检测成本,对控制病原菌的传播具有重要意义,可推广应用于环境监测、水源检测、食品卫生监督、商品检验检疫等领域.     

城区与县区不同空气质量下碳组分污染特征对比分析

为对比城区与相邻县区不同空气质量下的碳组分污染特征,分别在成都市和仁寿县采集霾期及非霾期PM_(2.5)有效样品共计88个,确定其相应质量和各碳组分浓度[有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和二次有机碳(SOC)等],并进行各碳组分之间的相关性及主成分分析.结果表明,不同空气质量下的城区污染物浓度均高于县区.OC和EC密切相关,非霾期的相关性系数较霾期大.与城区相比,霾期县区的SOC/PM_(2.5)较大,说明其受二次有机物污染更为明显;但城区非霾期二次气溶胶占比明显高于霾期,表明霾期的一次排放是城区大气污染的主要原因.燃煤、机动车排放和生物质燃烧均是两个区域PM_(2.5)的主要来源.     

基于GB/T 38924—2020民用轻小型无人机系统环境试验方法浅析

为了提高民用轻小型无人机企业产品质量,提高相关环境试验人员的综合试验能力,提升行业检测技术水平,以GB/T 38924—2020系列为基础,对民用轻小型无人机环境试验方法进行了浅析.描述了民用轻小型无人机系统环境试验受到的影响因素,主要有气候环境因素和机械环境因素.对气候环境试验方法、机械环境试验方法进行了对比分析和技...