Carbon isotope analysis for source identification of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in South China

Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are two most abundant carbonyls in ambient air. Biogenic emission has been proposed as a significant source other than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric secondary formation. Here at a forest site in South China, the carbon isotopic compositions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emitted from leaves of three tree species (Litsea rotundifolia, Canarium album and Castanea henryi) were measured in comparison with the bulk carbon isotopic compositions of tree leaves. δ¹³C data of the emitted aldehydes (from ?31‰ to ?46‰) were quite different for tree species, which were all more depleted in ¹³C than the tree-leaf bulk δ¹³C values (from ?27‰ to ?32‰). Formaldehyde in ambient air at the forest site had δ¹³C values different from those of leaf-emitted formaldehyde, indicating other sources for ambient formaldehyde apart from direct emission from leaves, most probably the photooxidation of biogenic hydrocarbon like isoprene and monoterpene. The δ¹³C differences of acetaldehyde between ambient data and those of tree leaves emission were less than 1‰, implying direct biogenic emission as the dominant source.     

Methodology of industry scale analysis under the constraint of regional resource capacity using HSY algorithm

This paper develops a methodology of proper scale analysis for regional industry development, which can be used in industry planning with the consideration of regional resource capacities. In the face of different data sources and even data scarcity, alternative methods based on linear programming and quadratic programming algorithms for calculating the resource intensity factors are designed. Based on the empirical study of industrialization, initial scenarios of industry development were set. Using HSY algorithm, sensitive industries that may cause exceeding regional resource capacity can be identified, and the risk of exceeding can be predicted and expressed in probability. Furthermore, a proper scale range can be designed for these sensitive industries according to resource capacity. Taking the case of Dalian city in China, this paper estimated the regional urban development plan, various resources capacities were studied, and land resources were estimated to be the most critical resource for the city. The land resource depletion intensities of different industries are calculated by quadratic programming algorithm. Under the constraint of 427.56 km² available industrial land resources, the electronic and power industries have the most significant impact on total land use, if the scale of power industry exceeds 1.27 billion USD, the probability of land resource capacity breakthrough will be 50%.     

河网水质模型研究进展

纵观水质模型的研究、应用及相关科学的发展,本文针对现有的水质模型做了分析评价,简要介绍了河网水质模型的未来研究趋势,并提出了几点建议。     

浸提分离法提取皂素清洁工艺研究

提出一种通过溶剂提取将游离皂苷与淀粉、纤维等成分分离,从源头上减少用水量、耗酸量和污染物排放量的皂素清洁生产工艺。首先对溶剂提取条件进行优化,得出最佳工艺条件为：90%（体积比）乙醇溶液,料液比1∶7,沸腾回流提取3 h,重复提取3次。然后通过气质联用（GC/MS）分析了皂素废水的有机物组成。研究结果表明,清洁工艺皂素产率为1.51%（降低3.82%）,用酸量比传统工艺减少了71%,头道液COD浓度降低了46%,每100 g原料排放的COD总量下降了84%;皂素废水的有机物污染物主要为糠醛及其衍生物,清洁工艺废水的有机物含量更低,更易降解。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废弃线路板中铜的研究

对废弃线路板中的铜进行了细菌浸出、只有硫酸亚铁环境下的浸出及酸浸出实验,研究了不同条件对比浸出效果,研究结果表明,细菌浸出比只有硫酸亚铁存在的浸出和酸浸要快得多。研究了在线路板粉末浓度12、24、40、60和120 g/L下浸出速率的变化,结果表明, 在考察范围内,浸出速度随着加入的废弃线路板粉末浓度的升高而降低,当线路板粉末的浓度＞60 g/L时,浸出速度维持在较低水平,选取24 g/L作为浸出的线路板粉末的浓度。分别在细菌培养0、24、48和72 h时加入线路板粉末24 g/L进行浸出实验,结果表明,细菌培养时间长,使得浸出过程进行得也更快。     

表面活性剂清洗处理重度石油污染土壤

为了优化表面活性剂清洗处理重度石油污染土壤的方法和具体洗脱条件参数,采集山东省东营市胜利油田污染土壤,研究了阴离子-非离子混合表面活性剂对该土壤中石油类污染物的去除效果。应用化学热洗原理,主要考查了表面活性剂配比、投加量、清洗温度及清洗助剂对去除效果的影响。实验得到的清洗处理最佳条件为：使用LAS与TX-100质量比为8∶2的组合表面活性剂,总表面活性剂浓度为3 g/L,助剂硅酸钠浓度为5 g/L,75℃条件下搅拌1 h。清洗后土壤含油量从20%下降到4.6%,去除率达到76.9%。废水回用实验表明,清洗处理的废水对土壤中石油烃类物质仍有一定的去除效果。废水回用比从30%到100%时,对土壤中石油烃的去除率都可达到55%以上。对废水进行二次回用时仍能去除18.8%的污染物。     

DGGE、T-RFLP 、LH-PCR对两种活性污泥的微生物种群多样性分析的比较

采用基于PCR扩增的分子生态技术DGGE、T-RFLP和LH-PCR,对2种典型污水处理系统中的活性污泥（生活污泥、焦化污泥）进行微生物种群多样性分析;并以此比较3种技术的优劣,提出不同应用条件下研究方法的选择依据。根据实验结果：DGGE得到的条带较多,但误差来源也最多;T-RFLP技术较为灵敏,但需要选择适当的内切酶,严格控制酶切条件,并且文库比对误差较大;而LH-PCR操作简单,结果稳定性较高。虽然目前尚无法判断3种方法的准确性,但LH-PCR在活性污泥的微生物种群多样性分析中已显示出潜在优势。     

镁合金在笔记本电脑外壳材料替代中的环境协调性评价

本文应用生命周期评价,（life cycle assessment,LCA）方法,对镁合金以及塑料这两种笔记本电脑外壳进行了初步评价和比较,结果表明镁舍金能源消耗、温室效应方面为塑料的556．31％、383．30%。但在材料的性能、资源消耗、酸化效应、生态毒理、材料的再生性等方面明显优于塑料。     

近十年我国休闲旅游行为与区域开发研究进展

1999年美国<时代>杂志预言:2015年发达国家将进入"休闲时代",发展中国家将紧随其后,休闲将成为人类生活的重要组成部分.作为世界上最大的发展中国家,自改革开放以来中国社会经济的快速发展促使了国民的闲暇时间和可自由支配收入不断增加,一种以休闲为目的的旅游逐渐成为国人主要的旅游方式.近10年来,我国不同学科背景的学者们对这一具有中国特色的休闲旅游理论进行了研究,特别是我国拥有休闲旅游者行为特征以及休闲旅游地开发方面的研究受到了国内学者们的广泛关注.分别从消费者行为学、地理学和市场学对1999-2008年我国休闲旅游的研究成果进行了系统回顾,并从研究内容和研究方法等方面对研究成果进行了总结.     

尾矿资源化利用的问题、条件及相关政策建议

我国是矿产资源生产和消费大国.由于我国矿产资源的特点是单一大型矿床少、共伴生和贫矿难选矿多、矿石自然品位较低等,加上采选技术、加工技术及设备落后等原因,矿产资源回收率低、单位矿产品的废弃物产生量大,造成我国可利用的资源不足等问题,所以尾矿资源的利用显得十分必要和迫切,但尾矿的利用必须以经济可行且对环境不造成二次污染为前提.论述了尾矿资源化利用必须解决的问题,并就尾矿资源化利用提出了相关政策建议.