航空安全风险管理模式探讨

航空安全需要动态管理,因此构建并实施基于问题管理的航空安全风险管理模式就非常有意义。本文探讨了航空公司、机场和空管的安全管理工作如何围绕航空安全问题为中心进行制度、组织、日常管理构建,注重问题的识别、分析和解决,切实有效的地解决安全问题。实施安全问题管理变专职安全管理为全员安全管理;变间接安全管理为直接安全管理;变滞后安全管理为超前安全管理;变僵化安全管理为创新安全管理;变被动安全管理为主动安全管理;变模糊安全管理为务实安全管理。无疑这种管理模式均适合民航三大主体的安全管理需求。     

城乡用地结构与布局优化研究——以黄山市为例

优化城乡用地结构与布局是实施统筹城乡发展、建立和谐社会的重要内容。选取黄山市城乡用地为研究对象,从数量、布局等方面分析了城乡建设用地现状及存在的问题,提出相应的优化城乡建议和对策,为新农村建设和土地利用总体规划的修编提供参考。     

遥感在生态与环境监测中的主要应用领域

遥感是一种以物理手段、数学方法和地学分析为基础的综合应用技术 ,具有宏观、综合、动态和快速的特点。在解决宏观尺度的环境问题时 ,卫星遥感可重复获取多种空间、不同时相和不同波谱分辨率的地球信息 ,是适宜于调查和研究这些主题的唯一的、最有效的工具。本文通过对遥感在环境与生态监测的主要应用领域进行概要阐述 ,旨在抛砖引玉 ,推动遥感在环境与生态监测中的广泛应用。     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

瞬变电磁法探测铁矿采空区的应用效果

针对目前探测铁矿采空区的技术难题,本文研究了应用感应类电磁法探测铁矿采空区所表现出的地球物理特性,认为铁矿采空区围岩的拟视电阻率呈高阻特征,并运用瞬变电磁法对山西省吕梁市岚县袁家村铁矿采空区进行了探测实证,结果显示通过分析拟视电阻率断面图划分出的该铁矿采空区的位置与钻探结果基本吻合,表明瞬变电磁法是探测铁矿采空区的一种行之有效的方法.     

A promising clean process for production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright

This study proposes a new approach for diosgenin production from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright tubers with respect to resources utilization and clean production. This process consisted of two successive parts, i.e., recovery of starch from raw material, and microbial hydrolysis of the residue to produce diosgenin by Trichoderma reesei. In the first step, about 75.4% of hemicellulose and 98.0% of starch were removed from the tubers. In the second step, about 90.2% of diosgenin was released from saponins by T. reesei at 30 °C, at an aeration of 0.80 vvm and agitation rate of 300 rpm in a 5.0 L bioreactor. Significant reduction of pollutant production was detected by replacing the traditional approach with the proposed new method. About 99.2% of reducing sugar, 99.4% of chemical oxygen demand, 99.2% of total organic carbon, 100% of SO₄^2?, and 100% of acid was reduced in the new processing wastewater.     

促进山东可持续发展试验带发展的政策选择

山东省可持续发展试验带建设要解决环境窖量小、人口密度大、支撑经济发展资源消耗大等问题。重点是打破行政区域的行政壁垒．减少经济发展对自然资源的依赖。大力发展高新技术产业。高新技术产品的外部性和高风险性要求政府部门的介入和干预。文章从山东省可持续发展试验带建设存在的市场分割、风险投资机制尚未形成、外向依存度低、高技术人才短缺等问题出发,按照“问题——对策”模式探讨试验带建设中促进可持续发展的金融政策、财税政策等政策选择。     

贵州织金蒙家大坡地下水水化学特征分析

通过对贵州织金蒙家大坡地下水水化学指标进行分析。结果表明,研究区地下水Ca2+受环境影响最小、空间变异性最小,Na+受环境影响最大、空间变异性最大;各阴阳离子含量与TDS含量呈显著正相关关系,其相关性依次为:Ca2+SO2-4Mg2+Cl-HCO-3K+Na+;TDS含量的增加主要受SO2-4离子的影响,总硬度的变化主要受Ca2+的影响;地下水成分主要来自于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,其次是硫酸盐、含硫矿物、硅酸盐矿物以及盐岩的溶解,地下水类型主要向SO4·HCO3-Ca型和HCO3·SO4-Ca型转化。