The data not collected on community forestry

Conservation and development practitioners increasingly promote community forestry as a way to conserve ecosystem services, consolidate resource rights, and reduce poverty. However, outcomes of community forestry have been mixed; many initiatives failed to achieve intended objectives. There is a rich literature on institutional arrangements of community forestry, but there has been little effort to examine the role of socioeconomic, market, and biophysical factors in shaping both land‐cover change dynamics and individual and collective livelihood outcomes. We systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature on community forestry to examine and quantify existing knowledge gaps in the community‐forestry literature relative to these factors. In examining 697 cases of community forest management (CFM), extracted from 267 peer‐reviewed publications, we found 3 key trends that limit understanding of community forestry. First, we found substantial data gaps linking population dynamics, market forces, and biophysical characteristics to both environmental and livelihood outcomes. Second, most studies focused on environmental outcomes, and the majority of studies that assessed socioeconomic outcomes relied on qualitative data, making comparisons across cases difficult. Finally, there was a heavy bias toward studies on South Asian forests, indicating that the literature on community forestry may not be representative of decentralization policies and CFM globally.     

Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang River Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of...     

An improved method used for evaluating potential environmental pollution risk based on spatial distribution and density of farms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The livestock manure nitrogen load on farmland (LMNLF) is often used to assess the potential environmental pollution risk of livestock manure nitrogen...     

Mercury uptake by Paspalum distichum L. in relation to the mercury distribution pattern in rhizosphere soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paspalum distichum L. was tested to evaluate their phytoremediation capacity for Hg contaminated soil through analyzing the dissipation of Hg in soil...     

Exploring soil erosion trajectories and their divergent responses to driving factors: a model-based contrasting study in highly eroded mountain areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil erosion threatens environmental sustainability worldwide. Exploring the trajectories of soil erosion and associated drivers is of great...     

Explanation of heavy metal pollution in coal mines of china from the perspective of coal gangue geochemical characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably...     

容积负荷对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响

采用连续流ABR-MBR组合工艺处理生活污水,研究不同容积负荷(volume loading rate,VLR)对该工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响,获得最佳工艺参数.试验考察ABR进水容积负荷(以COD计,下同)分别为0.76、1.01、1.51和2.27 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时系统去碳脱氮除磷的性能,并在各ABR容积负荷条件下考察MBR容积负荷对MBR反应器硝化性能的影响.结果表明,在ABR进水容积负荷为1.51 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)的条件下,系统A2隔室COD去除量最大,并在MBR容积负荷为0.462 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时,MBR反应器中实现了短程硝化,系统NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别达到90%和72%以上,厌氧释磷量为7.41 mg·L~(-1),缺氧吸磷量达到15.42 mg·L~(-1),出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),这表明短程硝化更有利于强化ABR-MBR系统的反硝化除磷性能.     

溶藻活性物质对棕囊藻溶藻及其脂肪酸影响的模拟

为了探讨芽孢杆菌B1分泌的胞外溶藻活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻特性和藻毒素物质脂肪酸的影响,比较了模拟自然水体中叶绿素a、p H、溶解氧DO、高锰酸盐指数和营养元素N、P浓度在溶藻前后的变化,并利用GC-MS检测了球形棕囊藻脂肪酸的成分和含量.用体积比1∶100的芽孢杆菌B1胞外活性物质处理模拟水体14 d,发现水体中叶绿素a、p H值和高锰酸盐指数随处理时间的增加而降低,DO和N、P浓度随处理时间的增加而增加.在第14 d时,处理组水体中p H值由8.50降低到7.51,叶绿素a降低82.3%(P0.05),DO增加29.5%(P0.05),高锰酸盐指数降低55.2%(P0.01).NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N和PO3-4-P浓度分别增加了0.46、1.50、6.24和1.30倍.投加活性物质处理14 d后,球形棕囊藻藻毒素中的主要3种脂肪酸C18:2、C16:0和C18:1分别降低了100%、97.7%和85.4%(P0.01),总脂肪酸含量降低83.4%(P0.01).结果表明,芽孢杆菌B1胞外溶藻活性物质在模拟自然水体中能有效抑制球形棕囊藻的生长,并降低藻毒素脂肪酸的含量.研究结果为芽孢杆菌B1胞外活性物质的生态安全性应用提供理论基础.     

饱和持水量条件下不同氮添加对森林土壤氮素净转化的影响

为了研究在饱和持水量条件下不同氮沉降形态和水平对森林土壤氮素净转化及土壤N₂O排放的影响,选取中亚热带地带性森林红壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟试验方法,设置110%饱和持水量（WHC）的土壤水分,添加不同形态氮[（NH₄）₂SO₄、NaNO₃、NH₄NO₃]和不同含量[0 mg/kg（CK）、20.0 mg/kg（LN）、66.7 mg/kg（HN）,以干土计]的氮素,进行为期14 d的室内培养（20℃）.结果表明,与CK相比,（NH₄）₂SO₄和NaNO₃处理对土壤净氮矿化和氨化的影响不大,而（NH₄）₂SO₄处理的净硝化量在高氮水平下为负值,说明硝化很弱,但该处理的净氨化量高于其他处理,特别是NaNO₃处理的净氨化量较高,认为很可能存在NO₃--N异化还原为铵（DNRA）.NaNO₃处理能显著提高土壤净硝化量而显著降低w（SON）（SON为土壤可溶性有机氮）,NH₄NO₃处理同时降低了土壤w（NH₄+-N）和w（NO₃--N）,表现为氮固定作用,并且高氮水平的土壤w（MBN）（MBN为微生物量氮）显著高于低氮水平;NaNO₃和NH₄NO₃处理的土壤N₂O排放速率和培养周期内的累积排放量均显著高于CK,并且高氮水平显著高于低氮水平,而（NH₄）₂SO₄处理与CK相当,并且高氮水平下的N₂O累积排放量低于低氮水平.研究显示,在过饱和土壤水分条件下,混合形态氮对土壤氮素净转化格局影响较大,含NO₃-形态氮明显促进土壤N₂O的排放,尤其是高氮水平.研究结果可为评价全球气候变化下特别是降雨情况下沉降氮形态对土壤氮素转化的影响提供重要参考.      

基于“压力-状态-响应”模型的宝鸡市生态环境敏感性评价

生态环境敏感性评价研究对于区域社会、经济与生态环境可持续发展具有重要现实意义。基于"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型构建相关指标体系,运用均方差赋权法对选取的2001~2013年宝鸡市生态环境"压力-状态-响应"层共25项指标进行评价研究。结果表明:生态环境压力指数和响应指数是影响宝鸡市生态环境敏感性变化的主要因素;受人类活动影响,2001~2013年宝鸡市生态环境敏感性不断波动,其发展大致经历了4个阶段:即2001~2004年属于较高敏感阶段,2005~2009年属于中度敏感阶段,2010~2011年属于较低敏感阶段,2012~2013年属于低敏感阶段。调整区域产业结构、优化经济发展方式、加强生态环境治理力度,是降低宝鸡市生态环境敏感性,实现区域人与社会、经济、资源和生态环境持续协调发展的有效途径。