湖南种子植物重要科属地理分布研究(二)——五味子科

湖南五味子科植物有2属11种2变种,分布于31个县,多生长在海拔600—1200m的山地灌丛或林中。本文依据湖南五味子科植物的地理分布,结合系统分类,植物区系和土壤资料,经分析和推论得知:1.湖南五味子科植物种质资源丰富,以中国特有种为主,它们与毗邻省区的关系密切。2.湖南五味子科植物区系表现为多种区系成分的过渡与汇集,即华南、华东、华中和滇黔桂4个区系成分的交汇、混杂和过渡。3.湖南五味子科植物的多数种类是从湖南以西地区迁移扩散而来,有的种类是从本省西北或西南以外地区而来,极少数植物在本省西南地区及其周边省区分化形成。4.湘西北至湘西南地区是湖南五味子科植物的现代分布中心,现代分化中心是湘西南地区。     

Influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The present work studied the influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a nitrogen-limited (C/N ratio is 56/8.8 mmol/L) medium. Several sets of shaking flask experiments were conducted. The results showed that 2 g/L glucose feeding on the first day of the culture (24 h after the inoculation) simulated both fungal biomass growth and enzyme production. The manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was 2.5 times greater than that produced in cultures without glucose feeding. Furthermore, the glucose feeding mode in fed-batch culture was also investigated. Compared to cultures with glucose feeding every 48 h, cultures with glucose feeding of 1.5 g/L (final concentration) every 24 h produced more enzymes. The peak and total yield of MnP activity were 2.7 and 3 times greater compared to the contrast culture, respectively, and the enzyme was kept stable for 4 days with an activity of over 200 U/L.     

土壤中酞酸酯(PAEs)对丛枝菌根化植物生长的影响

以豇豆 (Vignaunguiculata )为供试植物 ,分别接种AM真菌Acaulosporalavis(光壁无梗球囊霉 ,菌号 :3 4)和Glomuscaledonium (苏格兰球囊霉 ,菌号 :90 0 3 6) ,通过温室盆栽试验 ,观察 2、10和 5 0mg·kg-1DEHP和DBP对菌根化植物生长的影响。试验结果表明 ,土壤添加DEHP和DBP后 ,植物地上和地下部分干重均有不同程度下降 ,高浓度DEHP和DBP还使植物叶绿素a和b的含量及根瘤数降低 ,接种AM真菌后明显促进了植物的生长 ,尤其对植物早期地下部分和植物后期地上部分的促进作用较为明显 ;同时 ,也增加了植物叶绿素a和b的含量及根瘤数     

Influence of eutrophication on the coagulation efficiency in reservoir water

Water from the three reservoirs, Min-ter, Li-yu-ten and Yun-ho-shen, was examined for concentration of chlorophyll a, ultraviolet absorption (UV(254)), fluorescence intensity (FI), concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fractionation of dissolved molecules by molecular weight. The water samples were collected over the change from spring to summer (May to July but before the typhoon season) when the water temperature and extent of eutrophication increase. Analytical results indicate that the concentration of DOC is proportional to the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not to the values of UV(254) and FI. Therefore, eutrophication, extraneous contaminants of small molecules, and the extracellular products of algae cause an increase in DOC, but a decrease in the proportion of large organic molecules such as of humic substances. The fraction of DOC with a molecular weight of less than 5000 Da increases with the concentration of chlorophyll a. All these data suggest that changes in the quality of water after eutrophication make the treatment of drinking water more difficult. The method of enhanced coagulation was recently developed for removing DOC. However, the results of this paper demonstrate that the efficiency of DOC removal falls as the degree of eutrophication increases. When the percentage of DOC with small molecules excreted by algae increased by 1%, the efficiency of DOC removal decreased by approximately 1%, implying that enhanced coagulation are not able to remove the DOC excreted by the algae during eutrophication, and resulting an increased concentration of trihalomethanes formation in water disinfections process.     

气相色谱法分离和测定合成革用胶粘剂中的挥发性有机物

对合成革用胶粘剂中的发挥有机成份进行了色谱分离，并测定了胶粘剂中的9种挥发性有机物，方法的加标回收率为89.4%～102.8%，变异系数为1.2%～5.0%。     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛

对乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法进行了优化,同时对北京市11户部分新装修居室室内空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定.结果表明,有8户住宅超过了我国室内空气质量标准GB/T18883-2002规定的甲醛最高容许质量浓度0.10 mg/m3.     

上海南京深圳城市垃圾及处置的比较研究

介绍了上海、南京与深圳人口城市化的特点、城市垃圾的来源及产生量.揭示了垃圾成分的动态变化及有机发酵类废弃物增长较快及"白色污染"加剧的趋势,并提出对策.     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池启动性能研究

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池 (ZBAF)对氨氮的去除包括生物硝化和离子交换两种作用。中试装置启动试验表明 ,初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主 ,末期以硝化作用为主 ,不能以氨氮总去除率达到稳定作为启动过程结束的标志 ,而应以氨氮硝化去除率达到稳定作为标志。沿程试验表明 ,硝化细菌对沸石的“生物再生功能” ,实质是已被沸石交换的氨氮被水中浓度较大的其他阳离子交换下来后 ,被硝化菌所利用的现象 ;沸石表面有生物膜时 ,仍具有交换氨氮能力     

膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验

用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究，膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜，试验表明，在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下，膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复，使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。     

硬硅钙石二次粒子对含铅废水处理效果的影响研究

对硬硅钙石间歇培养颗粒污泥处理含铅废水进行了实验研究,通过单因素分析说明Pb2 、二次粒子投加量及颗粒污泥量三者间相互作用的最佳运行参数,结果表明,营养液为100 mL的条件下,污泥量为120 mL、铅浓度为60 mg/L、硬硅钙石投加量为4 g的条件下可保持颗粒污泥的活性,铅的去除率较高,为连续运行的反应器(容积负荷为18 g COD/L·d)提供了工艺条件.