Two alternative modes for di use pollution control in Wuhan City Zoo

Pollution in urban zoos arises from diffuse and small point sources. However, its control has received little attention in past decades. Online and ofttine modes of ecological engineering technology were designed to control pollution from small point and diffuse sources in Wuhan City Zoo, China. Their characteristics and performances were investigated in sixteen runoff events from 2003 to 2005. The results showed that the two modes both improved runoff water quality and had high retention rates for water and pollutants. In the outflows, the event mean concentrations （EMCs） of total suspended solids （TSS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were reduced by 88%, 59%, 46% and 71% for the online mode, and those were 77%, 42%, 50% and 66% for the ofttine mode. The annual retention rates of pollutant loads for the online mode were 94.9%-98.5% in the three study years; those for the ofitine mode were 70.5%-86.4%. Based on calculation, the online mode was able to store the runoff of 66.7 mm rainfall completely, and the ofttine mode could store that of 31.3 mm rainfall. In addition, the online mode can provide an effective way for rainwater utilization and good habitats for aquatic wildlives, and has an excellent aesthetics value for recreationsal pastimes. The ofiline mode can save land resources and may be an effective and economical measure for diffuse pollution control in urban areas.     

Pollutant loads of surface runo inWuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.     

镍钴转运酶NiCoT基因的克隆表达及基因工程菌对镍离子的富集

利用PCR技术从Staphylococcus aureus/ ATCC6538基因组中扩增出大小为1?053 bp的镍钴转运酶基因NiCoT gene,将其连接到pET-3c载体上构建重组质粒,并转化至E.coli BL21.筛选阳性菌并经酶切分析和PCR扩增双重鉴定.核苷酸序列测定及分析结果与GenBank中报道的同类基因相似性高达97%以上,表明其具有正确的NiCoT基因核苷酸序列.重组菌的SDS-PAGE结果图谱中,在相对分子量为39?000附近有特异性蛋白条带,大小符合预测值,表明NiCoT基因在E.coli BL21中成功表达.基因工程菌在IPTG用量为1.00 mmol·L^-1,诱导时间为4 h的条件下培养对镍离子的富集能力最高.在不同镍离子浓度时,基因工程菌对溶液中Ni²⁺的平衡富集量为11.33 mg·g^-1,与原始宿主菌相比提高了3倍.对基因工程菌吸附镍和钴的实验表明,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538的NiCoT对镍具有较高的特异性和富集容量,属于第Ⅲ类镍钴转运酶.     

鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲤、鲫的随机扩增多态DNA分析

利用RAPD(随机扩增多态)标记分析湖内鲤、鲫群体遗传多样性,从40个随机引物中各筛选出8个引物适合鲤、鲫群体RAPD扩增.在鲤群体中,共检测出60条带,其中多态性带42条,多态位点比率为70.00%;而在鲫群体中,共检测出61条带,其中多态性带40条,多态位点比率为65.57%.用POPGENE软件分析实验数据,结果显示:湖内鲤群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.230 1,H0=0.391 0)和鲫群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.218 6,H0=0.375 8)都较高,都有较大的遗传变异.而在鲤、鲫群体内,雌性群体与雄性群体相比较,其各自的遗传多样性很接近.     

上海浦东新区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应

上海浦东新区是我国快速城市化的典型地区,尤其1990~2001年,是浦东新区快速城市建设和扩展时期。依据1990、2001年两时相的卫星遥感数据,运用图像处理软件进行监督分类,提取了浦东新区两时相土地利用信息,分析了浦东新区1990~2001年土地利用变化特点和土地利用类型的转化特征,探讨土地利用的变化对生态环境的效应。研究表明：①11年间浦东新区农业用地和水体急剧减少,其中农业用地减少了58.16%,水体减少了 17.4%;②1990~2001年浦东新区城市扩展用地55%由农业用地转化而来,35.26%由水体转化而来;③土地利用的快速变化引发了水资源面积减少、水体污染加重和需水量增加,以及大气污染加重、大气温度上升和地面热中心面积扩大等生态环境问题。     

巢湖水体漫衰减系数特性及其影响因子分析

根据2009年6月巢湖32个样点的实测数据,分析巢湖水体各组分的吸收、后向散射特性以及水体漫衰减系数光谱特征,并通过Lee模型计算各影响因子对漫衰减系数的贡献率,在此基础上,进一步探讨巢湖水体漫衰减系数与各衰减因子浓度的关系.结果表明,非色素颗粒物、有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收均随着波段增加呈现不断衰减趋势,400...     

废弃电容器封存点及旧工业场地多氯联苯的污染特征

研究了四川资阳机车厂废弃电力电容器封存点与旧工业场地土壤与降尘中28种多氯联苯（PCBs）的污染水平与组成特征.电容器封存山洞未封闭洞口处土壤中PCBs含量最高,28种PCBs的总含量（ΣPCBs）达227 502 ng.g-1,铸铁车间窗台降尘中也有高残留的PCBs,ΣPCBs在10μg.g-1以上,封存点和铸铁车间样品中PCBs单体含量之间均存在显著的正相关关系（P〈0.01）.高污染样品中PCBs的同族体分布均以四氯代PCBs为最高,其次为三氯代PCBs和五氯代PCBs.与封存点土壤相比,铸铁车间样品中高氯代PCBs的贡献更大.12种类二英PCBs的毒性当量（TEQ）介于75.43～24 027 pg.g-1之间,远大于电子垃圾拆解区土壤,但普遍都以PCB126的毒性当量贡献占绝对优势.     

长江口潮滩表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性及其影响因素

以长江口潮滩作为研究区域,对表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性、解磷微生物量、磷组分及理化性质的时空分布特征进行了分析.结果表明,长江口潮滩湿地沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著的季节性、区域性差异,冬季（1月）碱性磷酸酶活性较低,介于0.65～1.59μg.g-.1h-1之间;夏季（8、9月份）最高,变化范围为1.80～5.64...     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

填料投加对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响

向单一活性污泥池内投加填料,分析了填料填充率对玉米深加工废水处理效果的影响。结果显示,随着填料填充率的增加,系统的抗CODCr冲击能力有所增强,当填充率为30%时,进水CODCr平均值为832.7mg/L,相邻2天CODCr变化的平均值为779.6mg/L,即CODCr变化均值超过进水CODCr的94%,CODCr去除率仍稳定在80%以上。填料投加对NH4+-N的去除效果改善较大,当填充率为20%时,NH4+-N去除率较无填料投加提高近50%,达90%;当填充率为30%时,去除率可基本稳定在90%。在试验研究的填料填充率下,填料投加对TN的去除改善不大。另外试验还观察到,污泥膨胀期间填料挂膜速率有加快趋势。