鱼塘水面无土栽培美人蕉研究

１９９０年起,采用浮床无土栽培技术在鱼塘水面种植陆生植物美人蕉（Ｃａｎａ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｓ Ｂａｉｌｅｙ）。结果表明,美人蕉对水栽表现出良好的生态适应性,水栽美人蕉单位面积生物产量比陆栽增加了５０％左右,开花量增加近１倍,水栽美人蕉花期比同期的陆栽美人蕉延长２１ｄ。水栽美人蕉的良好适应性还表现在它的分枝根多,根系活力强,白根所占比例较高。图１表４参５     

高速列车ATP控车模式的形式化模型与安全性分析

通过评述当前高速列车的发展现状和趋势,结合我国与欧洲在高速列车应用与相关技术研发方面的差距;对ATP控车模式进行分析,并提出采用时段演算针对实时、连续系统的形式化描述工具;根据时段演算的基本符号、公理、定理和推导规则,建立基于时段演算的ATP控车模式形式化模型;通过对模型的推演,对ATP控车模式进行初步安全性分析,发现ATP控车模式下对安全运行发挥主要作用的几个关键环节,特别是确保列车安全行驶,ATP控车与人工控制在转换时应满足的若干时间约束。研究的成果,为设计安全、可靠的ATP系统提供新的理论和分析手段。     

在中型氮肥厂推行清洁生产

在对合成氨厂污染源调查的基础上,通过对尿素解吸塔的改造、铜洗稀氨水的增浓、氨吸塔含氨废水的循环利用、氨泵密封水的回收,减少了生产过程中污染物－氨氮的产生量,并取得了显著的经济效益。     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape.     

Determination of the dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid

The dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) were investigated in this study. Based on the potentiometric titration and the BEST program, the dissociation constants of PESA were determined. Considering the complexity of the dissociation of PESA in aqueous solution, several models were constructed to simulate the dissociation process of PESA. By comparison, the dissociation constants of PESA were obtained with model 4. The species distribution of PESA in aqueous solution as a function of pH was also presented according to the experimental and calculation results. It showed that the H₂L model with five basic structure units to describe the dissociation of PESA was reasonable, and the relevant constants had less error and better matching between the experimental and calculation data. The corresponding values of pK _ai were 4.68 and 4.92, respectively, for H₂L at 35°C with ionic strength of 0.1 mol/L.     

环境空气质量指数（AQI）的EXCEL实现研究

空气质量指数以数值的形式表述空气质量状况、便于公众简明、清楚地了解空气质量的优劣程度,及时、准确地向公众提供易于理解的当地空气质量状况。基于EXCEL软件计算环境空气质量指数（AQI）的方法具有普及意义,有助于AQI算法在基础应用层面的实现,也有助于验证数据库开发中使用算法的准确性。本文结合苏州市环境空气监测数据,详细介绍如何在EXCEL中实现AQI的计算,供相关从业人员参考。     

我国钢铁行业二氧化硫总量减排对策研究

钢铁行业是我国SO2总量减排的重点领域。本文深入剖析了钢铁行业SO2排放现状和污染控制经验,从排放标准、SO2控制效果和新增排放量等角度分析了"十二五"钢铁行业SO2减排压力。在此基础上,重点从总量控制体系建设、淘汰落后产能、源头和过程控制、末端治理、环境监管等方面,提出了"十二五"期间钢铁行业SO2总量减排的对策和措施。     

大环内酯类抗生素在饮用水处理过程中的污染特征及其氯化反应机制

饮用水处理过程中抗生素的污染问题引起了人们的广泛关注.监测了6种大环内酯类抗生素（脱水红霉素、克拉霉素、竹桃霉素、罗红霉素、柱晶白霉素和泰乐菌素）在2座饮用水处理厂中的污染情况,并考察了典型大环内酯类抗生素泰乐菌素在氯化消毒处理过程中的反应特性.结果表明,6种大环内酯类抗生素均能在饮用水处理过程中检出,但是其浓度普遍较低,进出水中的浓度范围分别为0.18~3.97 ng ·L^-1和0.02~1.91 ng ·L^-1.6种大环内酯类抗生素在饮用水处理过程中的去除率相差较大,在18%（竹桃霉素）~100%（脱水红霉素）范围内.6种大环内酯类抗生素在氯化处理过程中降解缓慢,且受水质影响较大.其中,泰乐菌素的氯化降解遵循二级反应动力学模式,测得pH 7.0条件下二级反应动力学速率常数为0.77 L ·（mol ·s）^-1.监测到的9种泰乐菌素氯化降解产物,反应途径主要包括叔胺羟基化、芳族氧化和内酯环环氧化加成等.     

Rapid field testing of mercury pollution by designed fluorescent biosensor and its cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper assay

With increasing industrial activities, mercury has been largely discharged into environment and caused serious environmental problems. The growing level of mercury pollution has become a huge threat to human health due to its significant biotoxicity. Therefore, the simple and fast means for on-site monitoring discharged mercury pollution are highly necessary to protect human beings from its pernicious effects in time. Herein, a “turn off” fluorescent biosensor (mCherry L199C) for sensing Hg²⁺ was successfully designed based on direct modification of the chromophore environment of fluorescent protein mCherry. For rapid screening and characterization, the designed variant of mCherry (mCherry L199C) was directly expressed on outer-membrane of  Escherichia coli cells by cell surface display technique. The fluorescent biosensor was characterized to have favorable response to Hg²⁺ at micromole level among other metal ions and over a broad pH range. Further, the cells of the fluorescent biosensor were encapsulated in alginate hydrogel to develop the cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper. The cells-alginate hydrogel-based paper could detect mercury pollution in 5 min with simple operation process and inexpensive equipment, and it could keep fluorescence and activity stable at 4?°C for 24 hr, which would be a high-throughput screening tool in preliminarily reporting the presence of mercury pollution in natural setting.     

城市河流中WWMPs的迁移转化试验

为研究城市河流中WWMPs（污水印记药物）的迁移转化行为,以13种典型WWMPs[AZM（阿奇霉素）、CLM（克拉霉素）、STZ（磺胺噻唑）、TMP（甲氧苄啶）、ATL（阿替洛尔）、PNL（普萘洛尔）、DCF（双氯芬酸）、CLF（氯贝酸）、IBU（布洛芬）、CBM（卡马西平）、CAF（咖啡因）、PRC（扑热息痛）和TCS（三氯生）]为目标物,通过生物降解试验、吸附试验及光降解试验分析目标物主要的迁移转化机理.结果表明,AZM、CLM、PRC的降解主要是生物作用,不灭菌且有氧条件下的降解率分别可达90%、95%、100%.沉积物对CBM的吸附作用明显,但其难以被水解和生物降解,而且其吸附和解吸是一个相对平衡的过程,导致CBM能够稳定存在.ATL、STZ、PRC和TMP这4种亲水性化合物不易被沉积物吸附,其余9种属疏水性化合物的吸附能力取决于其K_OW（辛醇-水分配系数）.此外,光降解试验表明,在实际环境中,很多目标物受颗粒物和光敏剂的影响,不易发生直接光降解,TMP、DCF、PNL、CAF和TCS容易发生光降解作用,其在光照和避光的条件下降解率分别为20%和10%、58%和25%、22%和5%、20%和2%、30%和5%.研究显示,城市河流中的WWMPs在生物降解、吸附和光降解共同作用下有明显的降解效果.