燃煤电厂烟气氮氧化物排放控制技术发展现状

在广泛查阅文献的基础上,对近年来国内外已成功应用和正在研究开发的一些主要的燃煤烟气氮氧化物控制技术进行了介绍。结合我国目前脱硝行业整体水平和国家环保政策要求,对我国脱硝行业技术研发方向提出了建议。     

高压脉冲电凝-Fenton-生化法处理制药废水

通过高压脉冲电凝-Fenton对制药废水进行预处理,出水进入UASB-AO生化处理系统.研究表明:高压脉冲电凝-Fenton氧化法的最佳工况条件为进水pH值为4.0左右,高压脉冲电凝反应时间为45 min,H2O2投加量为4mL/L,Fenton氧化时间为60min.高压脉冲电凝-Fenton对CODCr去除率为36.5%～39.2%,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)从0.13提高到0.32-0.34,废水的可生化性大大提高,UASB厌氧反应器去除率为81.4%～82.1%,AO系统去除率为88.0%～88.5%,而整个生化处理系统对CODCr去除率为95.4%～97.9%,最终出水各项指标可达到GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>中一级标准.     

西双版纳自然保护区与周边社区的共管研究

自然保护区社区共管的实施,缓解了保护区与社区的矛盾,在促进生物多样性保护与社区经济发展方面取得了显著的效果。然而,由于管理目标冲突、经费不足、宣传教育力度不足等问题,限制了共管的实施范围及可持续性。通过采取构建科学的共管运行机制、激励机制,生态教育等措施,突破共管的制约因素,促进了自然保护区及其社区的可持续发展。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3_N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

有机改性膨润土在印染废水处理中的应用

膨润土是一种非常有用的非金属矿物原料,其有机改性得到的有机改性膨润土可以较好地去除印染废水中的有机污染物和色度。本文综述了有机改性膨润土的制备方法及其在印染废水处理中的应用现状。     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium nanoparticles

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium （Pd） nanoparticles was studied for the first time. The effects of Pd loading, dye concentration and reuse repetitions of membranes were investigated. In reduction, the dye concentration decreased whereas the pH rose gradually. An optimal Pd loading was found. The catalytic membranes were able to be reused more than 3 times.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

建设项目环境保护初探

本文分析了项目建设中存在的问题,包括：环境影响评价、项目建设中的监管以及项目验收监测q-的规范性等问题,并着重从如何保证环境影响评价的质量,项目建设中的监管以及项目验收中的监测规范性等方面提出了对策与建议。     

李氏禾湿地系统净化Cr（Ⅵ）污染水体的机理研究

利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建了三段式波形潜流式人工湿地,并以相同设计的无植物湿地系统作为对照,比较研究了李氏禾湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的净化效果.同时,综合运用电子顺磁共振(EPR)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等手段,并结合有机质含量、pH、Eh和Cr质量平衡分析,探讨了李氏禾湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除机理.结果显示,李氏禾湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率显著高于对照湿地,且李氏禾湿地基质中的有机质含量是对照湿地的3倍.这表明李氏禾增加了湿地基质中的有机质含量,从而提高了湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的净化能力.李氏禾组织中的Cr主要以Cr(Ⅲ)形式存在,其中,茎部和叶部未检测到Cr(Ⅵ),而仅有1.95%的Cr以Cr(Ⅵ)形式存在于根部中.EPR分析结果显示,李氏禾叶部中的Cr(Ⅲ)以有机酸结合态的形式存在,根部中的Cr(Ⅲ)以氢氧化物的形式存在,这表明李氏禾能有效地将Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ).基质表面吸附的Cr大部分为Cr(Ⅲ),而Cr(Ⅵ)仅占4.99%.XPS分析进一步证明,基质表面同时吸附了Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),但主要以Cr(Ⅲ)为主,且Cr(Ⅲ)可能以氢氧化物的形式存在.由此判断,进入湿地的Cr(Ⅵ)在基质中被还原成Cr(Ⅲ).FTIR分析结果显示,基质表面的羟基、氨基、羧基、CO、C—O、C—H等基团与Cr的吸附有关,这表明湿地基质中的有机质作为电子供体参与了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原.李氏禾湿地系统能将水体中可溶性的Cr(Ⅵ)有效地还原成难溶的Cr(Ⅲ)化合物,并将其转化成湿地生态系统物质循环的惰性部分.