异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8的脱氮产物N_2O和N_2研究

研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8(Bacillus cereus)的异养硝化性能,并采用GC-ECD(Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector)、GC-TCD(Gas Chromatography-Thermal Conductivity Detector)方法分别测定了脱氮过程中的气体产物N2O和N2。为了改进密封反应的溶氧条件,采用纯氧密封摇瓶培养和空气密封摇瓶培养两个对照条件下进行培养。结果表明:(1)空气密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00945mg,N2为9.5005mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.047%和47.09%,另外,同化合成的氮含量占48.74%;(2)纯氧密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00463mg,N2为9.686mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.024%与49.57%,同样,同化合成的氮含量占49.23%。两组对照实验表明,WXZ-8菌是一株高效、产生低水平量N2O的性能良好的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,且纯氧培养条件更有利于控制N2O的逸出。     

pH对海绵铁过滤柱预处理染色废水的影响

通过滤柱考察了进水pH变化对海绵铁预处理染色废水的影响。研究结果表明,在pH为6、7、8、10时,过滤周期内脱色率都高于94%,出水pH大于7。与pH=6、7、8对比可知,在pH=10时,水头损失小,周期产水量高,出水含铁量低。海绵铁过滤柱活化后脱色率、周期产水量与活化前基本相同,出水pH比活化前低,出水铁含量相对较高。同时,通过扫描电镜图发现过滤柱内海绵铁腐蚀程度从上至下逐渐变小。     

模糊综合评判法在泥石流危险度评价中的应用

采用模糊综合评判法,选取7个因子作为泥石流危险度划分的主要关联因子,对李家大沟泥石流沟谷危险度进行了评价,其评价结果和实际调查情况基本相符,表明模糊综合评判法对于泥石流的危险度评价具有较好的适用性。     

江苏省生态工业园区建设中的问题和对策研究

近年来,随着科学发展观的深入贯彻落实,生态文明成为国家发展的重要战略,推进园区生态化建设也成为经济发达地区产业结构调整和节能减排的重要措施,本文介绍了近年来国内生态工业园区建设经验,着重分析了江苏省生态工业园区建设现状和存在的问题,提出了加快推进生态工业园区建设的对策措施。     

烧结烟气脱硫灰-矿渣复合粉反应性能的研究

烧结烟气脱硫灰中由于含有大量的亚硫酸钙和游离氧化钙,在将其直接用于胶凝材料时,不但延长凝结时间,降低早期强度,而且还容易导致水泥硬化体体积膨胀,恶化硬化体性能。实验研究了脱硫灰不同掺入方式和掺入量,以及氧化温度对复合粉反应性能的影响。结果表明,在将脱硫灰经过550℃氧化处理后,再采用加水预拌的方式,在脱硫灰掺入量为5%时可获得具有较好反应性能的复合粉。     

滇池流域水资源问题与对策研究

近年来滇池流域水资源矩缺,水质污染问题突出,严重制约流域社会经济的可持续发展.对流域水资源问题进行分析研究,探讨了滇池保护治理的措施和对策.     

氧化时间对总氮测定结果的影响研究

根据总氮前期氧化的特点,对氧化时间进行了分段试验研究,得到氧化时间对总氮分析结果的影响结论,提出了总氮分析时对氧化时间的控制建议。     

高级光化学氧化技术及其应用

高级光化学氧化技术被认为是在处理有害有毒、难生物降解有机污染物方面比较有效的方法,主要的光化学氧化技术包括:真空紫外(VUV)光分解;紫外(UV)/氧化剂氧化;UV-Fenton氧化和感光材料的高级光化学氧化。高级光化学氧化技术对卤代烃污染物、含硫有机污染物、染色废水及其他有机污染物有较好的处理效果,在工程上得到了应用,是一项有效的废水处理新技术。     

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.