Phylogenetic analysis and arsenate reduction e ect of the arsenic-reducing bacteria enriched from contaminated soils at an abandoned smelter site

Microbial reduction of As(V) (i.e., arsenate) plays an important role in arsenic (As) mobilization in aqueous environment. In this study, we investigated As(Ⅴ) reduction characteristics of the bacteria enriched from the arsenic-contaminated soil at an abandoned smelter site. It was found that As(Ⅴ) was completely reduced to As(Ⅲ) (i.e., arsenite) in 21 h. After 3-d incubation, a yellow solid was precipitated and the concentration of As(Ⅲ) decreased sharply. After 150 h incubation, ca. 65% of soluble arsenic was removed from the solution. The analysis of the precipitate by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the main component was crystalline arsenic sulfide (ASS). Microbial mediated reduction and mobilization of adsorbed As(Ⅴ) on ferric hydroxide was also examined. In the microcosm slurry experiment, ca. 53% of the adsorbed As(V) was reduced to As(Ⅲ) by the bacteria, which resulted in an appreciable release of arsenic into aqueous phase. The released arsenic was present predominantly as As(Ⅲ). The microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rDNA-dependent molecular phylogeny. A near-full-length 16S rDNA gene clone library was constructed. The 197 clones were analyzed using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 72 OTUs were obtained, which contributed 51% of the content for total clone number in six OTUs. Six bacterial clones in these six OTUs were selected for sequencing and the sequenced clones were found to belong to the group Caloramator, Clostridium, and Bacillus.     

活性炭强制放电再生炉的机理及应用

介绍活性炭强制放电再生炉的结构、再生机理、特点及对自来水厂的颗粒活性炭的再生,最后利用单宁酸对再生活性炭再吸附效果进行了检验。结果显示：再生全过程5～10min;碘值恢复率≥95％;再生损耗率≤2％。     

模拟酸雨及施磷对水稻土中汞的淋溶特性影响研究

采用pH3.0、pH4.5与对照pH 5.6的3种模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究了酸雨及含磷酸雨淋溶下合肥市郊水稻土中汞的释放特征与规律.结果表明:经过相当于1980降水量的淋溶后,汞释放量总体上是随着酸雨强度增加累积淋溶量的增加.酸雨作用下,施磷量越多土壤中汞的淋失总量越大.在酸雨及施磷条件下,大兴地区黄褐土Hg较义城地区水稻土易于淋失.     

古黄河泗阳段流域综合治理与生态环境保护

通过采取"治、退、拆、清、修、整、建、营、养、植"等生态修复综合措施、建立古黄河生态保护圈,加强古黄河泗阳段周边环境的生态保护,进一步净化水体环境,同时增加古黄河泗阳段蓄水量,提高水质的稳定性,使得社会效益、环境效益和经济效益达到最佳统一,实现水资源的持续利用.同时改善古黄河地区的空气环境,给古黄河地区的人民一个蓝天,实现古黄河泗阳地区的蓝天碧水.     

用土壤法进行生活污水的深度处理

土壤是物质生产的场所,也是物质降解的中心。利用土壤法进行生活污水的深度处理,具有成本低,能耗低,不需要维护等特点,并且可以循环利用土壤和水资源,实现水环境的再生。土壤法的推广利用符合中国循环经济的发展要求,促进新农村运动的开展。本文着重介绍了如何利用和加强土壤的净化功能来进行生活污水的处理,并且回顾了土壤处理法的发展历史和研究现状。     

An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.     

吸收法处理挥发性有机物研究进展

挥发性有机物（VOCs）对环境造成严重污染,危害人体健康,已成为全社会共同关注的环境问题。吸收法作为一种重要的VOCs末端处理技术,具有工艺简单、适应性强、二次污染少、投资运行成本低等优势。吸收剂与吸收设备是制约吸收法处理VOCs效率的关键因素,在介绍VOCs的危害及常见治理技术的基础上,简述4类常用VOCs吸收剂（有机溶剂、表面活性剂、微乳液及离子液体）与2种常用VOCs吸收设备（填料塔与超重力旋转填料床）的最新国内外研究成果,概述VOCs吸收剂再生与重复利用的方法。最后,针对吸收法处理VOCs目前存在的问题,提出了今后的重点研发方向。     

纳米银与六价铬对污水生物处理的复合影响

随着纳米银的广泛使用,纳米银和重金属共同暴露的环境风险也逐渐增加.六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))是污水处理厂主要存在的重金属之一,为了阐明纳米银和Cr(Ⅵ)的复合效应和环境影响,采用不同浓度的纳米银和Cr(Ⅵ)共同暴露于污水生物处理系统中,通过考察其对污水生物处理的复合影响,揭示二者潜在的生态风险.结果表明:(1)当纳米银≤1....     

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.     

Application of Tradable Emission Permits in Europe

Abstract

The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments.