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351.
我国部分油田原油生产出砂严重,经常造成集输处理系统的严重磨损和堵塞,储油罐严重积砂,不能实现密闭。储油罐清砂完全靠人工完成,劳动强度大,而且造成环境污染。在海上平台,若采出砂含油量不达标排入海洋,则会给海洋带来严重的污染,因此,采出砂处理是急待解决的问题。文章根据国内外采出砂处理技术调研,介绍了水力旋流器除砂技术原理及工艺和在国外应用实例以及该技术在我国油田的开发应用情况。 相似文献
352.
五氯酚对环境污染及居民健康影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国长期以来使用五氯酚纳盐杀灭亡血吸虫的中间宿主──—钉螺.为评价它对环境的污染及居民健康危害,1990-1993年在我省开展了五氯酚环境污染及对居民健康影响研究.在研究区采集环境样品(空气、水体、土壤及底泥、蔬菜、肉、蛋、鱼等)共173份;生物材料(人血、尿)共457份,分析五氯酚浓度.结果在明,在五氯酚使用区,环境中PCP浓度稍高于对照区,而生物材料尿、血中PCP浓度明显高于对照区.全血胆碱脂酶活性用药区明显低于对照区,统计学分析有显著差异(P<0.001),证实了长期低剂量使用可造成环境及生物蓄积. 相似文献
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太湖流域主要城市洪涝灾害生态风险评价 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
太湖流域有上海,苏州,无锡,常州,镇江,杭州,嘉兴,湖州八个大中城市,是我国产业最集中,工农业最发达的地区之一,但该地区洪涝灾害频繁,这不仅制约了流域中各城市经济的发展,还严重威胁到该地区城市的生存平衡,本文根据生存风险评价原理,结合太湖流域的自然特点,提出成因分析法的指标模型。并通过分析太湖流域八个大中城市的汛期降雨量和地形地貌因子对洪涝灾害生态风险的影响度,得出各个城市洪涝灾害的生态风险度,最后还根据各城市风险度的大小及其主导因素的不同,提出了如何管理洪涝灾害生态风险的建议。 相似文献
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陕西汉中“98.7”洪涝灾害剖析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对汉中市1998年7月上旬的雨情、灾情作了初步统计,分析了致灾原因及经验与教训。 相似文献
359.
The role of condensed organic matter in the nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by a peat and sediments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study examines the effect of soil organic matter heterogeneity on equilibrium sorption and desorption of phenanthrene, naphthalene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) by soils and sediments. Two estuary sediments, a Pahokee peat (PP; Euic, hyperthermic Lithic Haplosaprist), and two subsamples (base- and acid-treated peat [TP] and acid-treated peat [FP]) of the peat were used as the sorbents. The contents of black carbon particles were quantified with a chemical extraction method. Petrographical examinations revealed the presence of the condensed soil and sediment organic matter (SOM) in Pahokee peat. The Freundlich isotherm model in two different forms was used to fit both sorption and desorption data. The results show that the sorption and desorption isotherms are generally nonlinear and that the apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis is present for phenanthrene and TCB. Detailed analysis of sorption data for the tested sorbent-sorbate systems indicates that black carbon is probably responsible for sorption isotherm nonlinearity for the two sediments, whereas the humic substances and kerogen may play the dominant role in nonlinear sorption by the peat. This investigation suggests that the microporosity of SOM is important for the hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) sorption capacity on the peat. 相似文献
360.
This paper introduces an integrated spatial and temporal modeling system developed mathematically for assessing microbial contaminants on animal-grazed farmlands. The model uses fecal coliform, specifically Escherichia coli, as an indicator of fecal contamination and describes the sources, sinks, transport processes, and fate of E. coli contaminants in catchments and associated streams. Spatial features include grazing location, land topography, distance to a nearby stream, and distance through the stream network to the outlet. Temporal features are population dynamics on the land surface, in flow, and on streambeds. The model applies the principles of conservation of mass balance on two different types of pools: grid cells on land surfaces and networked stream segments. The model aims to improve the prediction of the effects of different land management strategies on the fecal contamination of waterways. This is achieved by characterizing the movement of fecal contaminants from land to streams and in-stream mobilization. Processes of attenuation, diffusion, and transport govern the movement. Our study site is a hill land catchment with an area of 140 ha and is used exclusively for animal grazing. The model was calibrated with previous research results, and then tested using the data collected at the outlet of the catchment. The sensitivity of the model predictions was analyzed for different scenarios: effect of stock rate, attenuation rate, and flow volumes. The similar pattern between monitored and predicted E. coli concentration proved that the model captures the key features that control the population dynamics of fecal contaminants. Further experiments are required to expand the model's functionality for covering more mitigation options. 相似文献