腐殖质及其模型化合物的H2O2光化学生成研究

在模拟太阳光下研究了多种腐殖质及其模型化合物的过氧化氢（H₂O₂）生成动力学,并对其生成机制进行了探讨.结果表明不同来源或不同形式的腐殖质在模拟太阳光照射下均能产生H₂O₂.不同腐殖质生成H₂O₂速率差异不大,范围为6.379~15.784nmol/（L·min）,腐殖酸生成H₂O₂速率略快于富里酸.对于腐殖质模型化合物,邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚、苯醌、邻茴香胺、对茴香胺、水杨酸和2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌等8种模型化合物没有产生明显的H₂O₂,而藜芦醇、对氨基苯甲酸、3,5-二羟基苯甲酸（DHBA）、2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯醌、苯酚、苯甲酸和苯胺等7种化合物均可检测到H₂O₂产生.但其产生H₂O₂的速率差异较大,相差1~2个数量级,生成H₂O₂速率最快的化合物为2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯醌和DHBA,较慢的为苯酚、苯甲酸和对氨基苯甲酸.基于腐殖质生成H₂O₂机制,推测典型模型化合物DHBA的H₂O₂生成机制可能为光照条件下该化合物跃迁为单重激发态,该激发态发生分子内电子转移,生成还原性自由基中间体,该中间体和O₂反应,生成了超氧负离子（O₂·^-）,随后与水中H⁺反应生成了H₂O₂.     

多元复合调理剂对镉砷污染农田土壤微生物群落结构的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究多元复合调理剂（石灰石、铁粉、硅肥和钙镁磷肥,简称LISP）对土壤基本理化性质、Cd和As的生物有效性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,LISP可改变土壤基本理化性质,降低土壤有效态Cd和As含量,并改变土壤微生物群落结构.在0.4%的LISP添加下,土壤pH值、有效磷和总磷含量较CK处理分别显著（P< 0.05）提高0.57单位、130.6%和18.38%,同时土壤有效态Cd和As含量较对照分别显著（P< 0.05）降低21.76%和16.39%.高通量测序结果表明,添加LISP可维持污染土壤中正常微生物群落的多样性和丰富度,而显著改变土壤微生物群落的组成和结构,其中厚壁菌门、放线菌门和浮霉菌门等门水平物种的相对丰度增加,而绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和疣微菌门等门水平物种的相对丰度降低.冗余分析和Mantel检验分析表明,土壤pH值、有效磷以及有效态Cd和As含量是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子.上述结果表明,LISP是一种有效的、生态安全的调理剂用于农田土壤Cd和As污染土壤修复.     

催化氧化除锰活性滤料去除地下水中双酚A性能

以催化氧化除锰活性滤料（简称“活性滤料”）为研究对象,考察了地下水中锰污染对于活性滤料去除双酚A效能的影响.结果表明,进水中含有高浓度锰（5mg/L）时,会显著降低活性滤料对于双酚A的去除能力;同时,双酚A也会降低活性滤料对锰的去处能力.双酚A脱附实验结果表明,脱附的双酚A量不足双酚A去除总量的10%,且双酚A去除过程中初期总有机碳（TOC）去除率保持在12%~25%,之后持续保持在0.1%~4%,表明活性滤料去除双酚A存在吸附过程,但是以氧化去除为主.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,双酚A的去除会导致滤料表面微观形态改变以及新物相的生成;傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果表明双酚A的去除会消耗滤料表面羟基基团,且表面残留络合物.本文研究分析提出活性滤料去除双酚A的主要步骤包括双酚A首先吸附到活性滤料表面形成络合物、活性滤料与表面络合物发生氧化反应,部分反应物中间体脱附3个过程.     

Glass recycling in cement production--an innovative approach

An innovative approach of using waste glass in cement production was proposed and tested in a laboratory and cement production plant. The laboratory characterization of 32 types of glass show that the chemical composition of glass does not vary significantly with its color or origin but depends on its application. The alkali content of glass, a major concern for cement production varies from 0 to 22%. For the glass bottles mainly found in Hong Kong waste glasses, the alkali content (Na2O) ranges from 10 to 19% with an average around 15%. There is no significant change of the SO2 content in the gas exhaust of the rotary kiln when about 1.8 t/h of glass bottles were loaded along with the 280-290 t/h raw materials. The content of NOx, mainly depends on the temperature of the kiln, does not show significant change either. The SO3 content of the clinker is comparable with that obtained without the loading of glass. The alkaline content shows a slight increase but still within three times the standard deviation obtained from the statistical data of the past year. The detailed analysis of the quality of the cement product shows that there is not any significant impact of glass for the feeding rate tested.     

Photoelectrochemical technology for solar fuel generation,from single photoelectrodes to unassisted cells: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Photoelectrochemical solar fuel generation requires a highly integrated technology for converting solar energy into chemical fuels. Dihydrogen (H2)&nbsp;and...     

Preparation and performance characterization of a new dust suppressant with a cross-linked network structure for use in open-pit coal mines

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In an effort to control dust pollution in open-air environments such as pit coal mines and coal transportation systems, a new dust suppressant with a...     

Fractionation analysis and risk assessment of potential toxic elements in reservoir sediments in central China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the environment is a persistent issue and draws public attention constantly. However, there is no...     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

发展地方环保产业的思考

本文论述了发展地方环保产业的六大要素：优势、科技、龙头、基地、环境、创新。抓住了这六大要素,地方环保产业就可成为地方经济新的增长点。     

西部大开发与重庆市旅游业的可持续发展

重庆具有发展旅游业得天独厚的区位条件,而西部大开发进一步从交通环境、经济基础、市场开拓和生态保护几个方面为重庆旅游提供了良好的外部条件;但目前重庆的旅游业发展面临着严重的挑战。从战略方向和形象策划、客源定位、旅游产品的深层次开发、旅游基础设施的建设和旅游服务体系的完善、旅游管理和旅游人才的教育以及发展生态旅游几个方面,提出了重庆旅游业可持续发展的战略方向和战略对策。