基于耕作半径分析的县域农村居民点空间布局优化——以安徽省埇桥区为例

分析了安徽省埇桥区农村居民点与耕地的空间邻接特征和数量结构关系,通过“均等”和“耕聚比”的方法分别求算耕作半径并构造缓冲区,得出两种耕作压力系数的分布,对其进行比较并提出了农村居民点布局优化策略。结果表明：耕地是皖北平原地区影响农村居民点布局的主要因子,基于各乡（镇）统计的耕地与农村居民点面积存在较好的线性相关;基于“耕聚比”的计算模型较好地解决了农村居民点规模因素对耕作半径计算造成的影响;基于“耕聚比”的方法计算的耕作压力分布在评价耕地与农村居民点的分布合理性上更为实用;耕作压力系数分布对农村居民点合理布局具有一定的指导意义,布局调整中应将压力系数高的地区的拆旧和压力系数低的地区的建新相挂钩     

Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Abstract

Nowa days, ecological and cultural tourism, especially those ancient villages and towns in China, have attracted an increasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural features. However, rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits, but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns, such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization. Taking Longmen ancient town as an example, this paper presented a sustainable way of preserving and developing resources of ancient villages and towns. First, identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns, and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied. Second, define a cooperative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space. Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to enhance the sustainability of community economies.     

Developing Mechanism of Rubber-tea-chicken Agro-forestry Model in Tropical Area of China

Abstract

As a typical tropical agro-forestry ecosystem in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, rational mechanisms of the rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model were studied with the Solow technological level index, stability indicator, harmonizing coefficient, grey correlation coefficient and production dominance. This study focused on rational hierarchical structure, the limiting factors and optimal strategies of the model development based on model structure, resource conditions and external market demands. Results showed that rational mechanism of the rubber-tea-chicken ecosystem model mainly included technological contributions, leverage function of dominance component (livestock husbandry), stability of the model structure and harmony of its components, the model dominant product’s market demand and government’s supporting policies. The contributions of fund, technology, information and talent resources played an important role in improving sustainability and productivity of the agro-forestry model.     

岩溶湿地与稻田土壤团聚体细菌群落结构的比较

研究湿地系统中的土地利用变化对土壤团聚体中细菌群落结构的影响,可以为阐明土地利用变化对湿地土壤团聚体稳定性的影响机制提供理论依据.以会仙岩溶湿地和稻田为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术和生态网络分析对土壤团聚体（大团聚体0.25~2 mm、微团聚体0.053~0.25 mm和粉、黏粒<0.053 mm）细菌群落结构进行研究.结果表明：①微团聚体在稻田中占29.64%,显著高于其在天然湿地中的占比（22.20%）.②门水平上,绿弯菌门在稻田土壤大团聚体、微团聚体和粉、黏粒中的相对丰度分别为7.97%、8.56%和7.40%,显著高于其在天然湿地这3种粒径团聚体中的相对丰度（4.93%、4.81%和3.76%）;目水平上,厌氧绳菌目在稻田这3种粒径团聚体中的相对丰度分别为2.35%、3.03%和2.65%,显著高于其在天然湿地这3种粒径团聚体中的相对丰度（0.92%、0.91%和0.43%）.③生态网络分析显示,稻田微团聚体和粉、黏粒网络的节点数、边数和平均邻居数均高于天然湿地,并且在这两种组分中网络的平均连通度更大,特征路径长度更短;稻田大团聚体网络具有更长的特征路径长度、更高的模块性.结果表明,天然湿地改变为稻田后,土壤团聚体细菌群落结构改变,稻田微团聚体和粉、黏粒中细菌群落具有更高的物质循环和信息传递的效率,而稻田大团聚体细菌网络紧密性低,模块性高,其细菌群落结构更稳定.     

老鹰岩滑坡基本特征及危害性分析

通过分析老鹰岩滑坡的地质环境特征和形态特征,揭示其形成机制和产生的危害,最后根据该区地质灾害特点,提出了灾后恢复重建的相关建议。     

课证融合模式下实训教学改革研究

课证融合模式就是将课程与职业资格证书相结合的教学模式,是对职业教学改革的探索。但当前存在的实训教学标准模糊、校企合作实训教学条件不足、教师队伍转型滞后、教材开发混乱等现象严重阻碍了课证融合模式的推行,职业院校应当从明确考核评价标准、改进培养方案、加大双师教师的引进和培养、科学开发实训教材等途径进行尝试,推进课证融合。     

Removal of arsenate from water by adsorbents: a comparative case study

Laboratory and field filtration experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of As(V) removal for five types of adsorbent media. The media included activated alumina (AA), modified activated alumina (MAA), granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), granular ferric oxide (GFO), and granular titanium dioxide (TiO₂). In laboratory batch and column experiments, the synthetic challenge water was used to evaluate the effectiveness for five adsorbents. The results of the batch experiments showed that the As(V) adsorption decreased as follows at pH 6.5: TiO₂ > GFO > GFH > MAA > AA. At pH 8.5, however, As(V) removal decreased in the following order: GFO = TiO₂ > GFH > MAA > AA. In column experiments, at pH 6.5, the adsorbed As(V) for adsorbents followed the order: TiO₂ > GFO > GFH, whereas at pH 8.5 the order became: GFO = TiO₂ > GFH when the challenge water containing 50 μg/L of As(V) was used. Field filtration experiments were carried out in parallel at a wellhead in New Jersey. Before the effluent arsenic concentration increased to 10 μg/L, approximately 58,000 and 41,500 bed volumes of groundwater containing an average of 47 μg/L of As(V) were treated by the filter system packed with GFO and TiO₂, respectively. The As(V) adsorption decreased in the following sequence: GFO > TiO₂ > GFH > MAA > AA. Filtration results demonstrated that GFO and TiO₂ adsorbents could be used as media in small community filtration systems for As(V) removal.     

Numerical simulation for impacts of hydrodynamic conditions on algae growth in Chongqing Section of Jialing River, China

Hydrodynamic conditions are important factors for planktonic algae growth, through introducing two parameters which express the optimal velocity and the velocity range for planktonic algae growth, a new velocity factor was put forward for the formula of growth rate. Therefore, the two-dimensional unsteady ecological dynamic model for algae growth was established to analyze the effects of hydrodynamic conditions on algae growth in Chongqing Reach of Jialing River in China. The temporal and spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration was simulated numerically for various water levels, under climate conditions in period of high frequency for algae blooms of Three Gorges Reservoir and nutrition status at present in the research reach. The corresponding locations and areas of likely algae blooms were analyzed and forecasted. The results showed that about 0.04 m s⁻¹ was the optimal velocity for algae growth, and the occurrence of algae blooms in large scale is almost impossible because of relatively high water flow velocity for Jialing River.     

环境中多环芳烃(PAHs)的生物标志物的功效分析

污染物的生物监测一直是环境风险评估研究的重要内容.肝脏中谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione-S -transferase,GST)、7-乙氧基-3-异吩恶唑酮-脱乙基酶(ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase,EROD)、DNA-加合物(DNA-adducts)和胆汁中多环芳烃代谢物(PAH m...     

污泥焚烧工艺研究

通过对国内外污泥处置现状的比较,得出污泥焚烧是我国污泥处置的发展趋势的结论.着重论述了污泥单独焚烧和混合燃烧的工艺及技术,指出污泥焚烧过程中的能量以及焚烧产物的资源化出处.